520 Notices of Memoirs — H. W.MoncMon — Pliocene Changes. 



Eecently some attempt has been made to throw fresh light on the 

 subject, from the evidence of the plant-remains which occur in both 

 series, although not so abundantly as in some other coalfields. A 

 full account of the floras, and the conclusions which have been 

 attained, will, it is hoped, be published shortly elsewhere. 



VIT. — A Summary of the Principal Changes in Sotjth-East 

 England during Pliocene and more Eecbnt Times.^ By 

 Horace Woollaston Monckton, F.L.S., F.G.S. 



(a) Period of depression in South- JEast England. 



1. Deposition of the bed from which the Box Stones came. 



2. The Lenham Beds. Sea 40 fathoms, extends to Guildford, 

 shells not rolled, level 1,000 feet lower than now (Diestian). 



(6) Elevation in South-East England, but depression continues over 

 estuary of Bhine. 



3. Gravel with large flints of Upper Hale, Aldershot, and the 

 Pebble Gravel (' Westleton ') of the Chilterns. 



4. Coralline Crag, submarine banks in rather shallow water ; 

 climate that of South Europe. 



5. Eed Crag of Walton and Scaldisian of Belgium ; sea-shore 

 deposits, climate rather warmer than now. 



The beds with Corhula gibba (Poederlian) complete Belgian series, 

 and that country becomes dry land. 



6. Eed Crag of Bentley, Newbourn, Butley, sea-shore deposits. 

 The Amstelian of Holland. Climate colder. 



(c) The depression of the estuary of the Bhine extends to South-East 



England. 



7. Norwich Crag deposited in sea-water of wide estuary. 

 Chillesford Clay, shells not rolled or water- worn, level lower 

 than now. 



8. Weybourne Crag and Bure Valley Beds, depression extending 

 and consequent introduction of Tellina balthica. 



(d) Period of great and extensive elevation. 

 9. Cromer Forest Bed, level and climate as now. 



10. Leda myalis Bed, marine with oyster-beds, shells in position 

 of life. Slight local depression. 



11. The Chobham Eidges Gravel and the Plateau Gravels around 

 Eeading over 300 feet O.D. come in here. 



12. Arctic Fresh-water Bed, flood loam with Succinea. 

 The shells of Bridlington Shell Bed lived about this time. 



13. The Cromer Till and Contorted Drift. First great ice-sheet. 

 Lower Boulder-clay of many places, Bridlington Shell Bed, and 

 Shell Bed of Moel Tryfaen, etc. Land higher than now. 



(e) Depression possibly only local in South-East England. 



14. The Middle Glacial Sand and Gravel, result from melting ice. 



^ Eead before the British Association, Belfast, Sept. 1902, in Section C (Geology). 



