418 Reviews — Flower and Lydekher^s 



submergence, instead of being, as they are on the whole, quite 

 destitute of organic remains. 



This argument is not founded on a supposition, but on a fact. 

 Wherever the ice can be shown (by the striae on the rocks, 

 the stones in the "drift," etc.) to have passed over what is still 

 a sea-bed, or what there is no doubt was formerly such, during a 

 very moderate submergence, there also numerous fragments of sea- 

 shells are found in the drift or Boulder-clay ; as in the instances of 

 Caithness, Arran, Drymen, South Ayrshire, Holderness, Cromer, 

 Lancashire, etc. 



The advocates of the " great submergence " have therefore these 

 two facts to account for: (1) the absence of all proofs of such sub- 

 mergence in situ at the high levels to which it is supposed the sea 

 attained; and (2) the absence of all evidence of it in the debris 

 derived from these high levels. 



IS :E3 "V IIB "W" S. 



I. — An Introduction to the Study of. Mammals Living and 

 Extinct. By William Henry Flower, C.B., F.E.S., D.C.L., 

 etc., etc., and Eichard Lydekkbr, B.A., F.G.S., etc., etc. 8vo. 

 pp. xvi. and 763, Illustrated with 357 Woodcuts. (London, 

 Adam and Charles Black, 1891.) 



THE authors of this important Manual have rendered a most 

 valuable service to Biological Science by furnishing us with 

 a book, long wanted, but heretofore not to be met with in any 

 country or language, and one which will be eagerly sought after by 

 zoologists and palseontologists engaged in the study of the higher 

 Vertebrates all over the world. 



The few manuals approaching somewhat to this in size, in other 

 countries, are of too popular a character to be compared with the 

 present work. We have some bulky recent works, and smaller 

 manuals too, on systematic zoology, on paleeontology, on comparative 

 anatomy, and on the habits of mammals. In the present volume 

 these diiferent details are so happily amalgamated together that we 

 are enabled to gain a good general knowledge of our subject, which 

 a laborious journey through many volumes by various authors would 

 have failed to procure for us. 



Originally initiated as a series of articles running through the 

 twenty-four volumes of the ninth edition of the "Encyclopaedia 

 Britannica," from 1875 to 1888, by one of the authors (Prof. Flower), 

 the present work has the additional advantage not only of bringing 

 all this information on the Mammalia together, but by the cooperation 

 of Mr. Lydekker, as joint author with Prof. Flower, much new 

 matter relative to fossil forms has been added, and the whole brought 

 up to date, both as to the living and extinct forms. 



After a brief introduction of six pages, chapter ii. (pp. 7 to 81) is 

 devoted to the general anatomical characters of the Mammalia; these 

 are written in terse yet clear language, and by the aid of some 



