470 Reviews — Dr. Munro's Lake-Dwellings. 



La Tene and in the Lake of Paladru ; also the Lacustrine and 

 Marine dwellings in the Lower Rhine District and in North 

 Germany; two hundred and eighty-five of the antiquities from 

 which are illustrated in the text. 



The fifth lecture (pp. 349-494) treats of the Lake-dwellings of 

 Great Britain and Ireland, describing the Scotch and Irish Crannogs, 

 etc., with two hundred and seventy -four illustrations. 



The sixth and last lecture (pp. 495-554) deals with the Lake- 

 dwellers of Europe, their Culture and Civilization ; and is illustrated 

 by 154 figures; making a total of 2172 objects figured, besides 

 fourteen maps and plans. 



The protracted period of time represented by these pile-dwellings 

 is attested both by their wide geographical distribution, and by the 

 fact that some flourished at a time when the use of metals was 

 entirely unknown to their inhabitants, as all the tools and weapons 

 recovered from the debris were made of such materials as stone, 

 bone, or antlers of deer, etc. The substitution of bronze for these, 

 marks a decided change in the culture and civilization of the 

 Lake-dwellers — a change which becomes further modified by the 

 introduction of iron. 



" We have thus a great variety of lake-dwellings, distinguishable 

 from each other generally by the character of their industrial 

 remains, according to the particular civilization which prevailed at 

 the period of their habitation, some dating back from the pure Stone 

 age, others from the Bronze age, while others again bear the imprint 

 of various later civilizations, as Roman, Celtic, Carlovingian, Slavish, 

 etc., clearly proving their continuance in various parts of Europe 

 for a very long period extending from the Neolithic age to the dawn 

 of written history." 



" In hazarding an opinion as to the original founders of the lake- 

 dwellings of Central Europe (writes Dr. Munro), I would say that 

 they were part of the first Neolithic immigrants who entered the 

 country by the regions surrounding the Black Sea and the shore of 

 the Mediterranean, and spread 'westwards along the Danube and its 

 tributaries till they reached the great central lakes. Here they 

 founded that remarkable system of lake-villages whose ruins and 

 relics are now being disinterred as it were from another or forgotten 

 world. 



Those following the Drave and the Save entered Styria, where 

 they established their settlements on what was then a great lake at 

 Jjaibach. From this they crossed the mountains to the Po valley, 

 where they founded not only the pile-villages, but subsequently the 

 terreraare. The Danubian wanderers having reached the upper 

 sources of the Danube, crossed the uplands by way of Schussenried, 

 and arrived on the shores of Lake Constance, from which they 

 quickly spread over the low-lying districts of Switzerland. From 

 Lake Neuchatel, still continuing a westward course, they reached 

 the Rhone Valley by way of Morges, where they erected one of their 

 earliest and largest settlements. From the Lake of Geneva they 

 had easy access to the lakes of Annecy and Bourget." 



