Meviews — Tertiary Fiahes. 475 



IV. — Tertiary Fishes. 



1. Neue Unterstichungen an tertiaren Fisch-Otolithen. By- 



Prof. Dr. Ernst Koken. Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. 1891, 

 pp. 77-170, Pis. I.-X. Woodcuts 1-27. 



2. PalaeoichthyolozkiPrilozi(CollectaePalaeoichthtologioae). 



Part II. By Dr. D. Gorganovio Kramberger. Ead Jugoslav. 

 Akad. 1891, pp. 73, Pis. VIII. 



3. Contributo alla Paleontologia BELLA Sardegna. Ittioliti 



MiocENici. By Prof. Francesco Bassani. Atti E. Accad. Sci. 

 Napoli, Ser. 2, Vol. IV. Mem. No. 3, 1891, pp. viii.+60, Pis. 11. 



4. Ueber einen mit hyperostotischen Bildungen versehenen 



SCHADEL EINES SUBFOSSILEN PaGRUS VON MELBOURNE. By Prof. 



Dr. W. Dames. Sitzungsb. Ges. naturf. Freunde Berlia, 1890, 

 pp. 162-167, Woodcut 1. 



5. SciAME Di Pesci eossili ricoprente una Lastra di Calcare 

 MARNOso. By Dr. Carlo Pollini. Svo. pp. 1-8, Pi. I. (Milan, 

 1891.) 



DR. ERNST KOKEN, now Professor at Kdnigsberg, is con- 

 tinuing his well-known researches in the determination of 

 fish-otolites ; and his latest contribution to the subject, mentioned 

 above, concludes with some general remarks of much interest. It 

 is a surprising fact that a large number of groups of fishes that 

 must have existed from eai'ly Tertiary times are scarcely, if at all, 

 represented by tolerably complete fossil skeletons, or by readily 

 recognizable fragments. If, however, Dr. Koken's determinations 

 of the fossil otolites are well founded, this circumstance is proved to 

 be merely another example of the imperfection of the "geological 

 record"; and whole groups of which the palaeontologist has hitherto 

 known almost nothing are shown to occur in comparative abundance 

 at certain horizons in several classical localities. Of the Gadidse 

 much evidence of the genera Gaclus, MorrJiua, Merlangus, Baniceps, 

 and Merluccins is recorded, especially from the Oligocene of Germany. 

 Many otolites of Ophidiidee are also discovered in the same horizon, 

 but the genus Fierasfer alone can be more precisely determined. 

 Macruridas seem to be recorded among fossil fish-faunas for the first 

 time ; otolites of Macrurus itself being recognized in the Pliocene of 

 Tuscany, and some generically indeterminable specimens occurring 

 both in the Lower Oligocene of Lattdorf and in the Senonian of 

 Siegsdorf. With reference to the latter, Dr. Koken remarks that he 

 does not consider either of them abyssal forms, but more nearly 

 approaching the typical Gadid». Of the Anacanth Flat-fishes even 

 otolites are scarce and very difficult to determine. Platessa and 

 Solea are recorded from the German Oligocene, and the former also 

 occurs in the Phosphates of Alabama. The remarkable Berycoid 

 genera Eoplostethiis and Monocentris are believed to be indicated by 

 otolites from the Eocene of Copenhagen, the Oligocene of Germany, 

 and the Pliocene of Tuscany ; and undetermined genera of the same 

 family are also recorded from the German Oligocene. ScijBnidge are 

 well represented in the Upper Oligocene and Miocene. Most of the 

 Percidee are as yet generically indeterminable, from want of recent 



