NEW PHYSIOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF GREENLAND 51 



by the whole of the north coast from Cape York to Nordostrun- 

 dingen. Of course there are numerous local deviations from these 

 types. 



The southern center of glaciation is known from the following 

 expeditions: Jensen, 1878; Nordenskiold, 1883; Peary, 1886; 

 Nansen, 1888; Garde, 1893; DeQuervain, igogand 1912. Of these 

 expeditions only two (Nansen, 1888, and De Quervain, 191 2) 

 crossed the ice cap ; the rest were limited to the border zone on the 

 west coast. Nansen's route cut the center of glaciation near the 

 point of its greatest elevation, and there can hardly be any doubt 

 that this point with its 2,700 meters is about 300 meters lower 

 than the northern center of glaciation. A rather narrow ridge, 

 with an altitude of 2,500 meters and upward, is found from about 

 62° N. lat. to a point south of 65° N. lat. The 2,000-meter contour 

 ever5rwhere runs near the border of the country. Along the west 

 coast the contour gradually bends inward as 'it approaches the 

 depression. To the east of Disko Bay great areas of the ice cap are 

 below 2,000 meters. The contour along the corresponding portion 

 of the east coast takes a very irregular course, curving round the 

 high country at Angmagssalik, which forms a small independent 

 center of glaciation. North of this point we are without any 

 knowledge whatever of the inland ice. 



The marginal zone shows two types of which the southern one 

 is known from Jensen's, Nansen's, and Garde's expeditions. The 

 borderland consists of high alpine peaks. There are many nuna- 

 taks, and the edge of the ice cap is high. Locally there are many 

 crevasses and surface moraines. After a comparatively short 

 journey we have passed the 2,000-meter contour and have now 

 entered upon the level dry snow plain. The snow in the marginal 

 zone melts off in June, July, and August. Very considerable 

 streams are not found in the narrow, greatly sloping marginal zone 

 with its numerous fissures. 



The second marginal type is found to the east of Disko Bay. 

 The land is well known here from Nordenskiold's, Peary's, and De 

 Quervain's expeditions. The littoral region is low but rather 

 irregular, for which reason the surface of the inland ice is very 

 uneven. The 2,000-meter contour is far inland, which causes a 



