58 LAUGE KOCH 



oldest being farthest south, while toward the northwest we meet 

 with later and later formations. Immediately on top of the gneiss 

 is deposited a red or gray sandstone with conglomerates and 

 numerous diabase dikes (Cambrian?). Over this is a light lime- 

 stone with Gymnosolen, then dark limestone with Maclurea 

 (Ordovician) , and above this follow Pentamerus limestone, coral 

 limestone, graptolite shales, and trilobite limestone (Gotlandian), 

 and finally coarse sandstone without fossils. The total thickness 

 of the whole series of strata is more than 2,000 meters. 



4. The north Greenland folded chain. — The entire north coast of 

 Greenland from Fr. Hyde Fiord to Polaris Harbor consists of 

 folded ranges whose age is determined by the fact that the folding 

 is later than the zone with Monograptus priodon and earlier than 

 fossiliferous Devonian which is not, however, very well known yet. 

 The folding is continued westward and seems to disappear gradually 

 in the interior of Grinnell Land. From this place it was first 

 mentioned by Feilden under the name of "Cape Rawson Series." 

 The intensest folding is found in the east in the interior of Peary 

 Land. In continuation of the folding a submarine ridge extends 

 to Spitzbergen. This ridge separates the Atlantic from the Arctic 

 Ocean. In Spitzbergen, as is well known, there are strongly 

 folded strata (Hekla Hook). These strata, according to Swedish 

 geologists, form a continuation of the great Caledonian system 

 which is known from Scandinavia and England. In my treatise,^ 

 quoted above, I have described more closely the Greenland portion 

 of this folding and shown that it is the western end of the great 

 Caledonian system. This element, then, connecting up toward 

 the east, is a European feature in the structure of Greenland. 



5. The great fracture zone on the northeast coast of Greenland. — • 

 This area which, geologically speaking, belongs to the most varied 

 regions in Greenland, is unfortunately but Httle known. The trend 

 of the fracture lines has been investigated in its main features in 

 the southern part of this area, but in regard to the northern part 

 we are reduced to mere conjectures. With all reserve I provisionally 

 place the innermost fracture line at the western limit of the Carbon- 

 iferous in 81° N. lat. Thence the fracture line runs west of Lambert 



' Stratigraphy of Northwest Greenland. 



