the Alps of Piémont and Savoy. 13 
the columns and ornamental architecture of the churches and palaces 
of Turin. The Triassic series, about 400 metres in thickness, crowns 
Montgioie and most of the other principal mountains of the range, 
on the southern base of which occur also some Juraliassic and 
Cretaceous outcrops, followed by a large area of Kocene lime- and 
sandstone, while on the north it is bordered by an equally extensive 
area of Miocene marl and molasse. 
Thus the stratigraphical sequence of the range, illustrated in 
the two typical parallel cross-sections of Montgioie and Rocchetta 
(p. 11, Figs. 2 and 3), exhibits a close analogy to that of the Apuan 
Alps from thé Permian formation upwards. In the Montgioie 
range the flexures are inclined to the west, where the strata abut 
unconformably against the gneiss and granite massif of Mercantour ; 
in both the Montgioie and the Apuan range there is considerable 
folding, but no faulting or unconformity, and their uniformity of 
age, sequence, and general lithological character is abundantly 
demonstrated. 
IIT. Tar Permian in tae WEsTERN ALps. 
From the Montgioie range the Permian formation extends in 
a westerly direction to the Cottian Alps, and thence continues N. and 
N.N.E. to the Grajan Alps and the base of Mont Blanc. As the 
limits of this paper do not admit of a detailed description of the 
different localities, suffice it to indicate briefly the alignment of this 
extension of the Permian zone. 
1. In Dauphiné. From near Boves at the north-western extremity 
of the Montgioie range, the Permian, skirting the Monte Viso massif 
on the right and that of Mercantour on the left, crosses the Stura 
Valley, and from here forms an uninterrupted zone about 60 kilometres 
in length and 2 to 5 kilometres wide to the Ubbaye Valley and Mont 
Chambeyron (38,3888 metres altitude) on the Italo-French frontier. 
Thence it reappears further north on the south-eastern side of 
Briancon, near Mont Genévre, and, skirting the frontier, continues 
for about 15 kilometres to Mont Chaberton (3,135 metres), this zone 
being about 2 kilometres in width.’ ~ 
2. In Savoy. The next outcrop occurs about 20 kilometres north 
of the last point, near Modane, below the northern end of the Mont 
Cenis tunnel, in the Are Valley, at an altitude of about 1,000 metres, 
whence it extends in a belt 5 kilometres in average width to St. Bon, 
Bozel, and Champagny in the Doron Valley east of Moutiers.* 
1 The Mont Genévre group and Mont Chaberton have been dealt with at 
length in the interesting papers respectively by Cole and Gregory, Q.J.G.S., 
1890, p. 305 et seq., and by Davies & Gregory, ibid. 1894, p. 307 et seq. 
2 Near Moutiers are the two geologically famous localities of Petit Coeur and 
Mont Jovet in the Tarantaise district of the Isére Valley. Near Petit Coeur, 
about 6 kilometres north of Moutiers, the long-debated phenomenon of a 
Carboniferous, fossiliferous stratum being wedged between two strata of 
Jurassic fossiliferous limestone was interpreted, among others by Lory, as due 
to a fault, whereas Zaccagna explained the Carboniferous strip more naturally 
as the remnant or denuded extremity of a synclinal fold, the other end of 
which appears in a somewhat larger outcrop at Hautecour, some 6 kilometres 
east of Moutiers. In Mont Jovet (2,303 metres), on the other hand, the puzzling 
feature was its being capped by a considerable mass of cale-schist with pietra 
