Reviews—Economie Geology of Canada. 87 
The importance of Myriodon lies in that it provides a useful 
intermediate stage between Zryops and the Triassic forms. 
D. M.S. Watson. 
I1].—Tan Economic Grotogy or CanaDa. 
IW\HE coal-fields of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Eastern 
British Columbia are described in Memoir 53 of the Geological 
Survey of Canada, and those of British Columbia as a whole in a later 
memoir (No. 69), both by D. B. Dowling. The coal horizons range 
from Lower Tertiary to Cretaceous over the whole area covered by 
the two memoirs. In character the coals grade from lignite to true 
coal in undisturbed strata, and from coking coal to anthracite where 
the rocks have undergone considerable movement. In another 
memoir, No. 59, Coal Fields and Coal Resources of Canada, by D. B. 
Dowling, we learn that the great Dominion has by far the largest 
reserve of coal in the Empire, estimated at no less than 1,234,269 
million tons; but most of it is lignite and brown coal, and is not 
available for commerce since it is as yet remote from profitable 
markets. Important supplies, however, occur on both the Atlantic 
and Pacific seaboards, and are able to compete with foreign fuel. 
The Canadian Department of Mines issues a publication on 
‘Products and By-Products of Coal’’, by KH. Stansfield and F. E. 
Carter, which brings together in a compact and practical form useful 
information as to the methods of producing coke, gas, ammonia, and 
tar, from bituminous coal, and the properties and industrial uses of, 
these materials. The deplorable war conditions in Europe have made 
some of these products, especially coal-tar dyes, scarce in Canada; 
but while the demand in Canada is not sufficient to establish this 
industry on a profitable basis, it is shown that the production of 
certain other important by- -products of coal is peculiarly suitable for 
_ Canada, and the Dominion could be rendered less dependent on foreign 
sources of supply. 
‘The results of the testing of six lignite samples from Alberta are 
given in a further publication of the ‘Department of Mines, by B. F. 
Haanel and J. Blizard, an instalment of an investigation of all the 
coals of Canada with a view to determining their best industrial 
uses. ‘he Albertan lignite isshown to be well adapted for utilization 
in the gas producer. 
Another interesting publication of the Department of Mines is 
a Report on the “‘Salt Deposits of Canada and the Salt Industry”’, by 
L. Heber Cole. The only salt deposits at present being exploited 
are those located in Ontario, which occur in the Salina formation 
(Silurian), but saline deposits are known to exist in Northern 
Manitoba and the Mackenzie basin of Alberta. These may be 
exploited as soon as these districts are opened up by railways, and 
may then supply the western provinces, which have now to pay high 
freight rates on their salt supply. The technology of salt manufacture 
is exhaustively described in the second part of the report. 
The clay and shale deposits of Quebec are dealt with in a 
preliminary report (Memoir 64, Geological Survey of Canada), by 
