296 Florence J, Relf—Some Wealden Sands.. 
of sands in one district. Afterwards, some specimens from a higher 
horizon of the Hastings Beds in the Weald and some from the 
Wealden of the Isle of Wight were used. After these had been 
examined a short expedition was made to the districts around Calais 
and Boulogne, which form the eastern area of the Wealden deposits, 
in order to collect specimens for comparison with those found further 
west. This expedition was only carried out during the week 
preceding the outbreak of war, and the hope of visiting other 
French localities has had to be abandoned for the present. 
The specimens examined include :— 
Ashdown Sand. 
(1) Seven successive bands from a pit near Forest Row. 
(2) Ten, in two series, each of five successive bands, from Heathfield. 
(3) Six in succession, from Battle. 
(4) One from Bexhill. 
(5) One from Eridge. 
(6) Three from Lindfield. 
Tunbridge Wells Sand. 
Two specimens from south of Ardingley. 
Wealden of Brook Bay, Isle of Wight. 
One specimen. 
Horizon doubtful—above Purbeck and below Gault. 
S. Etienne au Mont) 
Equihen 
Wissant, south-west of Calais. 
south of Boulogne. 
These last-named specimens were taken from beds which are generally 
considered to be representatives of our Wealden strata, though their 
exact horizon has not been determined. 
In the field the sands are generally yellowish in colour, and iron- 
stained. Where the iron is abundant, highly resistant layers are 
formed, while, in some places, a regular ironstone—that formerly 
worked in Sussex—is present. Bands of more clayey material are 
common, while in some parts the usually fine sand is replaced by 
a conglomerate with pebbles reaching a diameter of about 42", 
Meruop oF INVESTIGATION. 
The method adopted in examining these sands was the usual one 
of separation by heavy fluids. ‘The specimen was crushed in a mortar, 
a process rendered necessary by the amount of iron present, and then 
boiled in 20 per cent HCl to remove the irony accretions and so clean 
the grains. ‘The removal of the iron was not always attained by this 
method. It was not necessary to sift the sands, for they were generally 
fairly uniform in grain. After treatment with acid the material was 
washed in running water to remove the mud; then it was filtered and 
dried. Next a separation was carried out in a solution of KI Hg I, of 
a specific gravity varying from 2°873 to 3131 in order to separate the 
heavier minerals from the quartz, the commonest constituent of 
the sands. 
In two cases a double separation was made, the material which 
came down in the potassium mercuric iodide being filtered, washed, 
and dried, and then put in a solution of cadmium borotungstate with 
