332 Reports & Proceedings—Geological Society of London. 
2. June 7, 1916.—Dr. Alfred Harker, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. 
Dr. F. L. Kitchin, M.A., F.G.S., exhibited a representative set of 
Mesozoic fossils obtained from deep borings and pit-sinkings in Kent. 
The specimens were selected from the collections of the Geological 
Survey, by permission of the Director. The life of the successive 
zones present in the various sections was illustrated by the arrange- 
ment of the specimens in sequence, the series comprising a time-range 
from the Lower Lias up to the top of the Lower Greensand. The 
‘section revealed in the Brabourne boring is remarkable for the range 
of formations found there in superposition, and may be regarded as the 
type-section for the study of the hidden Mesozoic succession in Kent. 
Specimens were exhibited from that locality and from the shafts at 
Dover, but these were supplemented by materials obtained more 
recently from various borings situated east of a line drawn from 
Folkestone to Canterbury. 
The speaker described the principal characters of the faunas as 
developed in this area, and made incidental references to the nature 
and distribution of some of the associated rock-types. At some 
horizons the molluscan assemblage assumes a particular aspect by 
reason of the preponderance of species fitted for life amidst the 
special conditions of deposition. On the other hand, there are 
evolutionary phases which recur repeatedly with considerable 
uniformity, and seem to arise independently of immediate sur- 
rounding conditions. Such are illustrated by the degenerative 
changes shown to occur in many Ammonites, and by some of the 
forms repeatedly assumed by the members of separate series among 
Mesozoic oysters. 
The evidence of Ammonites, so important for the purpose of zonal 
determination, is frequently forthcoming at these localities in Kent, 
even in borings of narrow diameter, but it is often necessary to rely 
entirely upon the aid afforded by the more abundant bivalves. Many 
of these, although belonging to undescribed species, are found to have 
a limited vertical range, and by their distribution throughout this 
area, as well as farther afield, prove of much service in these correla- 
tion studies. Specimens of many undescribed species have come to 
light, as well as others which are known from their occurrence in 
Continental localities, though not previously recorded in this country. 
A small series of Jurassic Cephalopoda from Kachpur (Russia), 
collected by the late G. F. Harris, F.G.S., at the time when the . 
International Geological Congress met at Petrograd (1897), was 
exhibited by James Francis, F.G.S. 
III.—-Zooroeicat Society or Lonpon. 
1. May 9, 1916.—Dr. 8. F. Harmer, M.A., F.R.S., Vice-President, 
in the Chair. 
Miss Dorothea M. A. Bate contributed a paper dealing with 
a collection of vertebrate remains from the Har Dalam Cavern, 
Malta. Birds are most numerously represented therein, and include 
some bones of an Anserine bird showing a reduction in its powers of 
flight. It is believed to be a hitherto undescribed species, and is 
referred to the genus Cygnus. A list is given of all the species of 
