(868 0A. R. Horwood—Upper Trias, Leicestershire. 
are of the same type, and have modified the stratification in each case. 
Some old gullies as at Bardon, also Charnian in direction, are filled 
with Trias. 
The flexures of the Orton Sandstone group suggest that undulations 
in that direction are due to those of Charnian type. ‘hose at 
Kegworth may be Caledonian and Pennine, whilst the folds that affect 
the Upper Keuper Sandstone Dane Hill group are also Caledonian. 
Faults are uncommon. A few occur in the Burton district in the 
Red Marl. ‘Che Lower Keuper is faulted in the Ashby district and 
at Castle Donington. The Rhetics exhibit faults at Glen Parva, Hast 
Leake, Spinney Hills, Barkby Thorpe, and at Barrow, chiefly of 
Charnian direction, or Caledonian. W. Molyneux was the first to 
suggest the occurrence of flexures in the Red Marl in this district. 
But he used the term in a different sense. Describing a section at 
Horninglow, just outside this area, near Burton, and at Tatenhill, he 
remarked upon the irregular lines of red and blue marl, as having 
a curved or wave-like appearance. He attributed it there to the 
unequal distribution of colouring matter in the marls. While the 
upper sandstone beds are horizontal the lower exhibit curvature, 
‘“contortions,’’ or ‘‘ flexures’’. ‘hey are undoubtedly instances of 
undulations which would give rise to flexures at the outcrop. 
Jukes noticed how in the Charnwood district ‘‘ the stratification of 
the red marl conforms to the uneven surface of the slates, rising up 
on the slope of its peaks and sinking gently in its hollows, showing 
its deposition to have been very gradual and tranquil, and also that 
the slate rocks had been both upheaved and worn into peaks and 
hollows before the deposition of the red marl”. Writing of the 
sandstone horizon at White Horse Wood, he says it is ‘‘no doubt the 
original position in which it was deposited, and not due to its 
subsequent elevation”; and as to the relation of marls and sand- 
stones to the older rocks, the two remarkable circumstances are 
‘‘their horizontality, compared with the highly inclined position of 
the beds on which they rest. ‘he second is the height at which 
they are found, being considerably above that to which the beds of 
the formation generally attain in the surrounding country”’. 
In reference to the denudation of the Trias he says, ‘‘ The original 
surface of the New Red Sandstone was probably a nearly perfect 
plane, rising gently on every side towards the Forest, filling its valleys 
and mantling round its sides, leaving none but the higher peaks 
exposed to view. Over this nearly horizontal plane lay the Lias, 
equally, if not more, horizontal, thinning out and ending probably 
towards the Forest,! but approaching it much more nearly than it 
does now. To produce the existing undulating surface, all the Lias 
west of its present irregular and broken boundary, and much of the 
New Red Sandstone beneath, has been removed by currents of water, 
[drift] scooping and hollowing it out, and producing the present 
valley of the Soar and its collateral valleys. Portions of the higher 
beds of New Red Sandstone, namely the variegated marls, protected by 
the solid rocks around them, have been left in the Forest to show the 
1 At that time the Needwood outlier was not known. 
ra 
