420 <A. R. Horwood—Upper Trias, Levestershire. 
The disputed point as to whether Hstheria occurs in the limestone 
at Glen Parva is somewhat simplified by the fact that Harrison found 
it at Spinney Hills in the bed in question, and Wilson found Estherta 
in drift derived from these nodular limestones at Stanton-on-the- Wolds. 
The outliers of Rhetic beds at Needwood exhibit very peculiar 
variation. Below what may be regarded as the Avicula contorta zone, 
without a bone-bed, come, in two cases (at Brakenhurst Hill and Butter- 
milk Hill), 100feet of white marl with bands of marl limestone overlying 
red and blue conchoidal Keuper Marls. These white beds must be 
the Tea-green Marls' (proved in the same latitude between Melton 
and Newark), which have attained an extraordinary development. 
In the former case the Rhetics are 38 feet, in the latter 24 ft. 7in. 
thick, the bulk of which appears to belong to the Lower Rhetic or 
Westbury Beds. Moreover, at Swilcar Lawn Oak 38 feet of black 
shales were pierced in a well-sinking. It is thus clear that the 
northern development of the Rheetics, whilst exhibiting some 
uniformity in the fauna, is characterized by the absence of beds 
represented elsewhere to the south, and the greater development of 
some other beds, pointing to considerable diversity of physical 
conditions, a fact also demonstrated by the character of the flora 
and fauna and the state in which it is preserved. 
In regard to the White Lias the rather anomalous beds at Glen 
Parva owe their characteristics to the fact that north of Warwickshire 
(taking Rugby as an example) the White Lias begins to die out. 
There would seem, then, to be two different centres of deposition or 
regions: (1) from Leicestershire to Yorkshire, where more marine 
conditions prevailed, and (2) Warwickshire to Somersetshire, where 
estuarine conditions were also prevalent. Probably the southern 
flora and fauna were derived from the northern, which in turn were 
derived from the eastern European region. As pointed out by 
Mr. Richardson, this is, no doubt, due to the fact that the British 
Rhetic phase is later than the Continental, and no doubt the North 
British was earlier than the Southern phase, accounting also for the 
discontinuity of Sully Beds and White Lias. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. 
Fie. 1.—Insecta (Coleoptera). 
1la.—Right elytron of a beetle, Pterostichites grandis, sp. noy. A.R.H. 
1b.—The same restored. From 3 feet above the bone-bed, Lower Lias, 
Glen Parva, associated with fragments of chitin of insects along with 
marine shells (see Fig. 1a). 
Fic. 2.—Natural cast of Chirosauroid footprint (left pes?), form ‘‘KP”’ 
(Beasley), (reduced). From the Keuper of Kegworth, Leicestershire. 
Fics, 3, 4.—Ophiolepis damesti, Wright. Lower Lias: Glen Parva. Fig. 3, 
the large form (nat. size). Fig. 4, the small form (enlarged). 
1 It is unlikely that they are the Sully Beds in part—missing in Leicestershire 
and elsewhere. 
(To be continued.) 
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