458 A. R. Horwood—Upper Trias, Leicestershire. 
and ornaments exist in the churches of Leicestershire, and it is 
improbable that they all came from Tutbury, where it was largely 
worked years ago, and where mural tablets, etc., were made. In 
Tutbury Church are tombs dedicated to Henry de Ferrers and 
Sir John de Hanbury, and ornament of Norman age adorns’ the 
pillars, whilst alabaster tombs at Norbury, Ashbourne, Newton 
Sulney, Burton (knight temp. Edward III), and elsewhere were made 
from the Tutbury rock. During the fourteenth century up to the - 
Commonwealth period alabaster was an important industry at 
Burton. 
Chellaston now takes the place of Tutbury and Fauld. At the 
former the gypsum is 14 feet thick, and is sent to Derby, Buxton, 
and the Potteries, a large amount of plaster of Paris being used in 
modelling and as an imitation marble in Scagliola. It is used for 
obtaining copies of sculptures, medals, gems, and a variety of other 
things of which a replica is required, figuring largely in museums, for 
moulds, for electro work, stereotyping, glasswork, cornices, plastered 
ceilings, panels, pilasters, etc. The large tazza at the Museum of 
Practical Geology came from Fauld, where slabs 9-10 feet are 
manipulated. 
Another use for gypsum is for Burtonizing beer. In the Burton 
beers some 850,000 lb. of gypsum are annually consumed. A similar 
' water is utilized for brewing at Newark, the proportion of sulphuric 
acid being over 65 per cent, in the Burton waters 57 per cent. The 
Leicester breweries are supplied with water which also contains much 
sulphate of lime diluted down to 40 grains per gallon from 100. 
The soils of the Lower Keuper are loamy and retentive, but friable 
and suitable for arable, that is, the marls, which give a red loam, 
which is equally adapted to arable, grass, or orchards, and market 
gardens, as seen in the Mease Valley. 
The Upper Keuper Marls form good cornland, but require subsoil 
drainage. The percentage of silica is over 50, alumina 15, lime 3-4, 
magnesia 5, potash 4, and carbonic acid 4 per cent. Where the 
subsoil is sandy a loamy soil results. This is modified by the oceur- 
rence of skerries and mixture with drift, often, as around Melton, 
pebbly. It forms good pasture, being stiff and clayey, and like most 
red beds is excellent for fruit-trees. Trees grow well upon the 
sandstone horizons. 
The Tea-green Marls form only a narrow band and are less 
siliceous and more calcareous than the Red Marls in this respect, 
approaching the Rhetic beds, which contain more carbonie acid 
(20 per cent) and more lime. 
The Bone-bed, which in some districts contain phosphatic nodules, 
yielding manure, is here only a gritty or pebbly sandstone. There 
is no trace of a bone-bed in the Tea-green Marl, such as that at Gold 
Cliff, but paleontologically it is represented by a series of definite 
bands with fish-scales. Some of the marly limestones are practically 
similar to Fuller’s Earth, and a clay at the base of the Tea-green 
Marl has been worked at Emborrow, Somerset. 
Economically the Red Marl has been classed with Chalk Marl, 
Fuller’s Earth, Kimeridge Clay, Gault Clay, and London Clay, all 
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