Reviews—F. W. Harmer—Crag Mollusca. 473 
of this country. He has, moreover, collected from the more important 
Continental deposits of Pliocene age, and has made himself familiar 
with the priceless collections of later Tertiary Mollusca preserved in 
the Museums of France and Italy. 
The particular material on which this memoir is based was obtained 
from excavations carried out at Little Oakley, near Harwich, which 
has furnished a prolific molluscan fauna of Red Crag or ‘ Waltonian’ 
age containing littoral, southern, and some northern species. 
The two parts, now issued, comprise together 302 pages of text 
and 32 plates. Brief notices of these have already been published 
(Guot. Mae., 1914, p. 227; 1915, p.565; and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. Vill, vol. xiii, p. 604, 1914), but, on account of the great 
importance of the work both to the paleontologist and the collector, 
it is thought that a further record of so valuable a work may be 
acceptable. In the early pages of the memoir the author introduces 
us to the non-marine shells of the Crag period under the groups 
‘‘ Terrestrial’? and ‘‘ Aquatic”, comprising nearly fifty species, 
of which about one-fourth are regarded as extinct, while all have 
been previously described elsewhere. The distribution of these forms 
is set ont ina tabulated scheme showing that they are best represented 
in the Norwich Crag, fewer species occurring in the Red Crag, while 
only three have been recognized in the Coralline Crag. 
The author next proceeds to the consideration of the marine 
Gastropoda, of which over three hundred species and varieties are at 
present discussed, more than eighty being regarded as new. These 
species are treated under the following genera and subgenera: Zrivia, 
Voluta, Ancilla, Terebra, Columbella, Astyris, Cassidaria, Cassis, 
Semicassis, Rostellaria, Rimella, Nassa, Desmoulea, Buccinum, Liomesus, 
Purpura, Stenomphalus, Triton, Murex, Ocinebra, Urosalpinz, Trophon, 
Meyeria, Searlesia, nov., Parasipho, -Anomalosipho, Volutopsis, 
Beringius, Neptunea, Fusus, Sipho, Pleurotoma, Hemipleurotoma, 
_ Clavatula, Genotia, Pseudotoma, Borsonia, Oligotoma, Drillia, Spiro- 
tropis, Clathurella, Bellardiella, Mangilia, Hedropleura, Raphitoma, 
Bela, and Taranis. 
_ Clear diagnostic characters ‘are furnished of each species or variety, 
followed by full information respecting geological and geographical 
distribution. It is noticeable that a few of the generic names have 
been attributed to pre-Linnzan authors, whereas, according to the 
laws of zoological nomenclature, the author should be quoted who 
first adopted such from the time of Linneus and upwards. Therefore, 
we think it preferable to write Zerebra (Adanson, 1757), Lamarck, 
1799; Fusus (Klein, 1753), Lamarck, 1799; and so on. Again, 
some of the generic names appear to be preoccupied in other sections © 
of zoology, as, for instance: Zriton, of De Montfort, 1810, which had 
been previously used by Linneus for one of the Cirripedia, and hence 
we think Schumacher’s Zampusia should take its place; Meyerza, of 
Dunker & Metzger, 1878, was applied by McCoy to a Crustacean 
in 1849, and must, therefore, be replaced by Norman’s Jetzgeria 
of 1879; Klein’s Sipho, adopted by Morch in 1852, differs from that 
of Fabricius of 1828, and thus, according to the late G. F. Harris (Cat. 
Australasian Tert. Moll. Brit. Mus., 1897, p. 152), Beck’s Zritonofusus 
