78 F. Barke, WJieelton Hind, and A. Scott — 



this bed, which, although fairly level, does not always maintain 

 the same stratigraphical horizon, it suddenly rises to the top of the 

 quarry by a vertical pipe 2 or 3 feet in diameter. A little further 

 east another pipe of conglomerate comes down from the top and 

 connects with another thin bed at a lower level than that a few yards 

 away. As a whole, the field relations suggest that the conglomerate 

 fills a subterranean hole in the limestone, probably formed by solution, 

 the thin beds representing several underground watercourses 

 leading into the main hollow. The question of a contemporary 

 deposit of quartz conglomerate does not, therefore, arise, and there 

 is no connexion with the quartz-pebbles in beds of D^ age at 

 Castleton. 



E. 



Diagrammatic section (E.-W.) showing the quartzose conglomerate (dotted) at 

 Caldon Low. The uppermost line represents the top and the lowest line- 

 the bottom of present exposure. 



The occurrence of fossils in the conglomerate is interesting. 

 The fauna at once strikes one as a Do assemblage and quite different 

 from and having nothing in common with the fauna of the Caldon 

 Low Limestones. We consider that the fossils are all derived, 

 because, first, the fauna of the conglomerate is a mixed one ; secondly, 

 examination of thin sections shows a shattering of the fossils, many 

 of them being in a fragmentary condition ; thirdly, the typical 

 fine-grained limestone of Caldon Low is found in angular blocks 

 in the conglomerate. These blocks are very much larger than any 

 of the other detrital materials, and this, together with their unrolled 

 condition, suggests that they have fallen from the sides or the roof 

 of the subterranean hollow. Mr. Howe ' mentions the fact that 

 a block of Pendleside shale, containing Posidoniella minor, was 

 found by one of us in the clay-pit formerly on this site. 



The horizon of the Caldon Low Beds may be definitely assigned 

 to the base of the Visean. The fauna is a very limited one and exactly 

 similar to the homotaxial equivalents of the Clitheroe and Belgian 

 provinces. Caninia should occur near this horizon. Brachiopod^ 

 are limited to Productus Immerosus, Chonetes papiUonacea, Ci 

 form, and Orthotetes afi . crenistria, Ci form. Corals are represented 

 by a very small form of Syringopora, gasteropoda by very large 

 species of Naticopsis, Belleroph.on cornuarietis, and other species of 

 this genus. A fragment of a large Myalina is the only pelecypod 

 which has been obtained. 



^ Loc.cit., p. 144. 



