558 Reports & Proceedings — Mineralogical Society. 



probably horse — as shown by the increasing j^orosity of the bones 

 under the changed conditions of life, and by the diminutive size of 

 the animals. First, out of Bos namadicus there was developed 

 a large bovid with long horns (the same as found in ancient Egypt). 

 At the end of Anau I there appeared a short-horned breed, which 

 may have been produced from the long-horned ox or may be a new 

 form brought in by the newcomers of Anau II. Domesticated pig 

 begins to be found about 12 feet from the base. The wild Ovis vignei 

 is in the lowest strata, but 28 feet above this animal had become 

 domesticated, somewhat smaller in body, with smaller horns. 

 This last persisted till the end of Anau I, but during the time a 

 smaller variety was being evolved, until there was established a breed 

 identical with Ovis palustris, the " turbary sheep " of neolithic 

 Europe. The horse abounds in Anau I, and Duerst thinks it was 

 domesticated ; at any rate, it was descended from the wild Equus 

 przevalsMi, and appears to be the ancestor of the thin-limbed 

 Arabian stock. Dog does not appear till late in Anau II (but its 

 not being found is no proof of absence). 



Of human remains two adults and seven young skulls were found. 

 These are all dolichocephalic, not mongoloid, and seem to point 

 to Mediterranean connexions. 



That agriculture was known is shown by the siliceous skeletons 

 of the chaff of a primitive variety of wheat and of two-rowed barley 

 and chopped straw, all of which were obtained from fragments of 

 pottery from the very lowest layers by Professor Schellenberg. 



The importance of all these statements cannot be overestimated, 

 but we can do no more here than refer the reader to the reports 

 themselves for the details, and to Professor Myres's Dawn of History/ 

 for their bearing on the early history of Man. 



REPORTS AND PROCEEDINGS. 



Mineralogical Society. 



Anniversary Meeting, November 9. — Sir William P. Beale, Bart., 

 K.C., President, in the chair. 

 Dr. E. S. Simpson : " A Graphic Method for the Comparison- of 

 Minerals with Four Variable Components forming Two Isomorphous 

 Pairs." In the spinel-chromite series the two pairs are MgO, FeO 

 and AI2O3, Ci'oOg, and the general formula is (Mg, Fe)0 . (Al, Cr)20g. 

 The relative molecular preponderances of the components of each 

 pair stated as a percentage of the maximum are given by the formulae : 

 a; = 100 (m — /)/(m +/) and ^Z = 100 (a — c)/{a + c), where 

 m, /, a, c represent the number of molecules of MgO, FeO, AljOg, 

 CrgOg respectively. The values of x and y, calculated from a number 

 of published analyses, and from new analyses of ceylonite from 

 Camban, Western Australia, are plotted on rectangular co-ordinates. 

 The four corners of the main square are occupied by the pure 



