iii APPENDIX. 



The exposed portions of the Oriskany beds here are not, as is 

 often the case further north, composed of sandstones, but consist, 

 at least mainly, of a rough, yellowish-gray mass of highly cherty 

 strata, in some parts passing almost into a quartz rock. Although 

 little exposed at this place, this rock evidently forms almost the 

 entire bulk of a low hill, or ridge of oval form, and a few hundred 

 yards in length, included as a part of the north side of the orna-. 

 mented grounds about the springs. This hill is depressed on 

 top and covered by a natural growth of shade trees, and has been 

 tastefully laid out into walks and winding paths, provided with 

 occasional rustic seats for the accommodation of visitors. Its- 

 summit is perhaps not more than ninety to one hundred feet above 

 the lowest part of the valley on the north, around which side it is 

 more or less precipitous ; while to the southward it slopes down 

 more gradually to the lower parts of the grounds, laid out into 

 winding walks and drives, with intervening spaces of grassy 

 Bward, shaded at intervals by clumps of spreading oaks, elms, 

 and other trees. Along the entire length of its southern slope a 



Chloride of sodium 0.226 grains. 



Protosulphate of iron .... 0.069 " 



Snlphate of alumina 0.012 " 



Earthy phosphates ..... a trace 

 Azotized organic matter, blended with a 



larger proportion of sulphur, about . 0.005 " 



Iodine, combined with sodium or magnesium, a trace. 



The volume of each of the gases in a free state in 100 cubic inches of 

 the water, he found to be as follows : — 



Sulphuretted hydrogen . . . .0.66 

 Nitrogen ....... 1.88 



Oxygen 0.19 



Carbonic acid 3.67 



The water is perfectly clear, and flows copiously; and, although appear- 

 ing cool to the taste when drank during the warmer part of a summer's; 

 day, it is, as first shown by Prof. Rogers, properly speaking, a thermal 

 water, its temperature, though somewhat variable, never being less than 

 about nine, and sometimes as much as nearly thirteen degrees Fah.,, 

 above the mean annual temperature of the air at the locality and altitude. 

 That is, its temperature varies from 61° to 650 Fah. ; while the mean tem- 

 perature of the air, as determined by seven years' observations under the 

 direction of the Smithsonian Institution, at Lewisburg, a few miles west of 

 the springs and at a little lower elevation, is, I am informed by Prof. Henry, 

 52.20 Fah. Most of the mineral springs of this region, especially those 

 that issue from anticlinal axes of the strata, are, as observed by Prof. 

 Rogers, thermal waters, from which fact we may infer that they most 

 probably arise from considerable depths, and owe their temperature to 

 the intprnal heat of the earth. 



The White Sulphur is, I believe, the only proper thermal water in the 

 State, that is at the same time rather strongly impregnated with sulphur. 

 "When freely drank, it acts as a mild cathartic and diuretic ; but its most 

 valuable properties are its alterative powers in chronic diseases of various 

 kinds, for the relief of which it has long been celebrated. 



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