APPENDIX. IV 



continuous excavation has been made to form a terrace, for tlie 

 reception of a long row of neat one- and two-story cottages, which 

 are, at places, almost hidden from view by shade trees. 



At the eastern end of this terrace, just behind the cottages, as 

 well as along the broad walk winding ai'ound that end of the hill, 

 the dark Devonian shales belonging at the base of the Hamilton 

 group of the New York series, are seen dipping off at a high 

 angle to the southeastward. But on following the terrace west- 

 ward behind the cottages, we soon come to a low nearly con- 

 tinuous outcrop of the Oriskany beds, dipping at the same high 

 angle as the shale mentioned, to the southeastward. This rock 

 <:an be traced to the west end of the hill on this side, and also 

 forms high precipitous exposures around its northern side, one 

 of which has been fancifully called the "lover's leap." At the 

 western base of the hill, it is likewise again seen in the walk 

 leading down to the bath-houses, where it presents almost a 

 flinty appearance. Again it appears just below the principal 

 «pring, some ten or fifteen feet higher than at the bath-houses, 

 forming the bed of the little stream running from the spring — 

 being here, in places, whitened by the deposit of hydrated sulphur 

 left % the water trickling over its surface. The bottom of this 

 spring is also formed of this rock, and it is a little exposed along 

 the side of a road, at a somewhat higher elevation, about forty 

 or fifty yards south of the same. 



This last seems to be about the end of the exposed part of this 

 little uplift of the Oriskany formation here, in a southwestward 

 direction, the overlying shales being met with in a hill on this 

 side behind another row of cottages situated along its north- 

 eastern slope. 



A low naked knob, only about twelve feet in height, of the 

 lower black shales, is also seen on the immediate margin of 

 Howard's creek, some sixty or seventy yards west of the springs, 

 which, as already intimated, are situated at the western and low- 

 est part of the grounds. This exposure is hardened, contorted, 

 and crumpled as if it had been kneaded together by some power- 

 ful agency while in a yielding or semiplastic condition. 



Another elevation at the northeast side of the grounds, called 

 "Prospect hill," rises gradually to about the height of that 

 already mentioned on the north, and is also covered by shade 

 trees and laid out into walks; its southwestern slope being like- 

 wise occupied by a row of elegant two-story cottages; which, 

 with those already mentioned, and others on the south side, 

 surround the central part of the ornamented grounds in which 

 the large hotel is situated. So far as I could see, this last- 

 mentioned hill seems to be composed entirely of the shales and 

 flags of the Hamilton group, of different shades of color. 



The exposures here show that the strike of this little uplift of 

 Oriskany and the overlying shales, is northeastward, and south- 



(29) 



