V APPENDIX. 



westward, or parallel to the general trend of the ranges of the 

 whole Appalachian region, as is most generally the case (local 

 flexures excepted) with the anticlinal axes throughout this dis- 

 trict. 



As there are no corresponding Oriskany beds seen just on the 

 northwest of this uplift, dipping in the opposite direction, and it 

 is evident that such material could not have been worn away by 

 Howard's Creek, the immediate valley of which directly inter- 

 venes between this hill and the mountain, composed mainly, if 

 not entirely, of Hamilton and perhaps Chemung group beds oa 

 that side, it would seem that there may be a slight local inequality 

 in the elevation of the strata here, along the opposite sides of a 

 fracture. Whether this axis brings to view the Oriskany beds 

 further northeastward, along the opposite side of the valley on 

 the line of strike, I did not ascertain by personal observation,^ 

 as I did not examine the mountains in that direction. I infer, 

 however, from Prof. Rogers's remarks that it does, and this would 

 indicate an oblique fracture of these beds, because the valley of 

 Howard's Creek, which crosses the strike obliquely, could hardlj^ 

 have been cut through such a rock by that stream. 



For some time I was unable to find any recognizable fossils in 

 the Oriskany beds here, though I had seen some obscure casts 

 and moulds of brachopods in the cherty beds along the little 

 stream running from the springs. After diligent search, however, 

 I succeeded in finding, near the bath-house, behind the cottages, 

 at the west end of the hill above mentioned, imperfect casts of 

 the well-known Oriskany shells Spirfer arenosus, Meristella lata, 

 and moulds of Bensselaeria ovoides? 



The deep cuts of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad through 

 the spurs and ridges of the mountains along the south side of the 

 valley here, afford a very fine opportunity to study the Hamilton 

 group shales and more or less slaty beds, which seem to be of con- 

 siderable thickness, and from near the springs dip at various angles 

 to the southeastward, excepting where they are locally flexed and 

 contorted. As the railroad runs close along the south side of 

 the grounds, some of these deep cuts are within a few hundred 

 yards of the hotel. One of these, in a direction nearly south from 

 the springs, and almost on a line with the sti'ike of the Oriskany 

 uplift, but at a higher elevation than the nearest exposures of 

 this rock immediately at the springs, shows the black Hamilton 

 shale at the bottom, much contorted, with many polished surfaces 

 caused by the slipping of one part upon another at the time of the 

 upheaval, or during other disturbances of the beds. As freshly 

 laid open by the excavations in progress when I was there, these 

 dark shales emitted, under a noon-day sun, a sulphurous odor, 

 suggesting the probable origin of the sulphuretted hydrogen of 

 the springs, that have their source, as already stated, near th& 

 connection of these shales with Oriskany formation. 



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