PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OE WASHINGTON. 



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Ugakhpa, Quapaws, or Down-stream people; while the rest travelled 

 up the Mississippi, and were called U-manhan, or " they who went 

 against the wind or current." 



While on the hunt in the olden time, and whenever their camp- 

 ing place was small, the Ponkas encamped in three concentric 

 circles ; and the Omahas, who were a smaller tribe, camped in two 

 such circles. 



Hence, the Dakotas called the Ponkas " The Three Nations," 

 and the Omahas " The Two Nations." But when they could find 

 a large camping ground, each tribe had but one circle, as they have 

 at present. 



Diagram No. I.— THE OMAHA TEIBAL CIRCLE. 



JSToTE. — In this diagram the gentes that keep the saered tents, and those 

 that hold the snvon sacred pipes, are designated by the proper signs. 



The Omaha circle is divided into two parts. The five Hanga- 

 shenu gentes camp in the first, and in the second are the five Ishta- 

 sanda gentes. The Hangashenu claim to be the superior people. 



