4 Eminent Living Geologists — Dr. A. S. Woodward. 



he also had the satisfaction of recording the first discoveries of 

 mammalian teeth in the Wealden of Sussex by Mr. Charles Dawson 

 and Father P. Teilhard. During the past three years he has 

 co-operated again with Mr. Dawson in exploring the remarkable 

 gravel deposit at Piltdown, Sussex, whence was obtained the lowest 

 type of human skull and mandible hitherto known. His inter- 

 pretation of this specimen and his reference of it to a new genus, 

 Eoanthropus, were at first much criticized by certain human 

 anatomists ; but the actual discovery of the large ape-like canine 

 tooth which he had predicted, and a renewed study of the cranial 

 bones, have shown that his original conclusions were in the main 

 justifiable. 



Each volume of the Catalogue of Fossil Fishes was prefaced by 

 an Introduction summarizing tbe results and suggesting some 

 theoretical deductions, and during all his studies Dr. Woodward 

 has attempted to consider their bearing on current philosophy. In 

 1904 he expounded his general views in an address delivered to the 

 International Congress of Science and Arts at the St. Louis 

 Exposition, and in 1906 he treated fossil fishes from the same 

 standpoint in his Presidential Address to the Geologists' Association 

 of London. In 1909 he returned to the same subject at Winnipeg, 

 in his Presidential Address to Section C at the British Association 

 Meeting, and in 1913 he treated it again in a popular manner in an 

 Evening Lecture to the British Association at Birmingham. He 

 follows the American school, founded by Cope, Hyatt, and Beecher, 

 and is specially insistent on the truth of the doctrine of orthogenesis. 



While pursuing original researches with continual energy, 

 Dr. Woodward has not neglected the curatorial aspect of his duties, 

 and his extensive acquaintance with fellow-workers both at home 

 and abroad has enabled him to maintain the Geological Department 

 of the British Museum during his Keepership in the forefront of 

 progress. Fossils of nearly all groups from Africa, fossil lemurs 

 from Madagascar, mammals from Asia, vertebrates of all kinds from 

 South America and North America, mammals from the Mediterranean 

 Islands, and Dinosaurs from Transsylvania, besides numerous 

 important collections from the British Isles, have not only added 

 immensely to knowledge and to the facility for making comparative 

 studies, but have also improved the exhibited collection by sub- 

 stituting many complete specimens for fragments. Among the latter 

 may be specially mentioned the dwarf Hippopotamus from Crete, the 

 restored model of Arsinoitherium from Egypt, the skeleton of 

 Halitherium from Germany, Diprotodon from Australia, the wonderful 

 skeletons of Ophthalmosaiirus, Steneosaurus, and Cettosaurus from the 

 Oxford Clay of Peterborough, the great fish Portheus molossus from 

 the Chalk of Kansas, and the giant merostome Pterygotus anglicus 

 from the Old Red Sandstone of Forfarshire. Besides these must be 

 remembered the extensive collections of smaller fossils which have 

 been added to the study-cabinets. 



Dr. Woodward has not confined his administrative work to the 

 British Museum, but has also taken some share in many other scientific 

 affairs. For some years he has been a member of the Advisory 



