90 Reports & Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



of considerable importance. The future outlook is not bright owing 

 to the apparent exhaustion of the ore bodies, and the low prices 

 recently ruling for silver, lead, and copper. The geological structure 

 was largely determined by intrusion from below of the great Boulder 

 batholith — mainly a quartz-monzonite — which seems to have 

 penetrated important areas in Tertiary times. The igneous rocks 

 include a wide range of types. The different mines are described in 

 detail, and a copious index is given at the close of the memoir. 



15. The Fernando Fossilifekous Sandstones. — Mr. Walter A. 

 English's paper (University of California Publications, Bull. Dept. of 

 Geology, November, 19 14) on the Fernando group of fossiliferous 

 sandstones and shales of Newball, California, is interesting as giving 

 the results of an attempt to decide the age and relationship of beds 

 which have been for a number of years indeterminate. Mr. English 

 concludes that the beds in question are probably of basal Pliocene 

 and Upper Pliocene or Pleistocene age respectively. He gives 

 detailed accounts of the result of his collecting in various horizons 

 and describes seven new species (two of Lamellibranchia and five of 

 Gastropoda). 



16. MoLLUSCA OF THE MARINE MlOCENE OF CALIFORNIA. — In the, 



Bulletin of the Department of Geology of the University of California, 

 vol. viii, No. 7, Mr. Bruce Martin gives descriptions of seventeen new 

 species and varieties of Gastropoda and one of Lamellibranchia from 

 the late Marine Neocene of California. These descriptions have been 

 prepared in advance of a paper dealing with the correlation of the 

 Pliocene beds of the middle and west coast of California during his 

 recent investigation, of which Mr Martin obtained the material from 

 which the new species are forthcoming. 



ZRIEZPODRTS ^k.3STID PROCEEDINGS. 



I. — Geological Society of London. 

 1. December 16, 1914. — Dr. A. Smith Woodward, F.R.S., President, in 



the Chair. 



A lecture was delivered by Professor W. M. Flinders Petrie, 

 D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S., F.B.A., on the Palaeolithic Age and its 

 Climate in Egypt. 



He said that the classes of worked flints peculiar in Egypt are : 

 (I) Irregular, with broad unregulated fractures. (2) Bounders, 

 flaked in all directions to an edged disc. (3) Hoofs, very thick, 

 rudely domed with an obtuse edge. (4) Lunes, with obtuse edges. 

 (5) Crescent scrapers. Irregular flints, similar to those from 

 St. Acheul, are found in high Nile gravels. 



The regular European types occur exactly like those classed as 

 Chellean and Acheulian. The Vlousterian forms are so often found 

 in various periods that they cannot be assigned without evidence 

 of age. The Aurignacian survive into the early civilization. The 

 large class of flints from the Fayum desert comprises all the Solutrean 

 types, and also Robenhausian forms. The flakes of the early 

 civilization (8000 to 6000 b.c.) are identical with Magdalenian. 



