referred to the Cirripedia. 119 



Scalpellum, Leach, and Pollicipes, Leach. 



So far as I am aware only two authors have referred any fossils 

 from the Palaeozoic rocks to either of these two genera. In a paper, 

 " Tiber einige Ober-silurische Cirripeden aus Gotland," Bihang Svenska 

 Yet.-Akad. Handl., P»d. xviii, Afd. iv, No. 3, 1892, Professor C. W. S. 

 Aurivillius describes seven species of Scalpellum, namely, S. cylindri- 

 cum, S. fragile, S. granulatum, S.procerum, S. strobiloides, S. sulcatum, 

 S. variant, all from bed c ( = Wenlock shale) of the island of Gotland. 

 These seven species were all founded on specimens considered to be 

 peduncles, but even apart from the fact that not a single plate of the 

 capitulum had been found with them or even recorded from the same 

 beds, there are many characters that would make one hesitate to refer 

 them to the Cirripedia, let alone to the genus Scalpellum. Conse- 

 quently I have never looked upon them as Cirripedes, and on showing 

 to Dr. F. A. Bather similar fossils from the Silurian of Shropshire as 

 very like some fossils he was working at, he recognized them as the 

 turrets of certain forms of Edrioasteroidea. It was because of 

 their identity in structure with the fossils described by Aurivillius 

 that the Shropshire specimens were at first placed among the 

 Cirripedes in the Geological Department of the British Museum. 

 Dr. Bather has dealt with these forms in his " Studies on Edrio- 

 asteroidea" (Geological Magazine, February, 1915, p. 49). 



Aurivillius further described and figured (1892, p. 12, fig. 9 of pi.), 

 under the name Pollicipes validus, a fossil which he considered to be 

 part of a scutum. It is, indeed, difficult to recognize this as a scutum 

 of Pollicipes, or even of a Cirripede. The only suggestion I venture 

 to offer is that it may be a portion of the shell, viewed from the 

 so-called ventral margin, of a species of Lepidocoleus, a genus which 

 may or may not belong to the Cirripedia. Although I was fully 

 aware that the specific name was preoccupied by Pollicipes validus, 1 

 Steenstrup, from the Chalk (Danian) of Denmark, I refrained from 

 giving it a name until it was possible to determine from the specimen 

 itself what it really was. Professor J. C. Moberg. however, in 

 a recent paper (Kongl. Fysiogr. Sallsk. Handl., N.F.,Bd. xxvi, No. 1, 

 p. 3, 1914), has renamed it as P. aurivillii, but does not offer any 

 suggestion as to the nature of the fossil. 



The remaining form described by Aurivillius is P. signatus from 

 bed e ( = Lower Ludlow) of the island of Gotland, a form already 

 dealt with on p. 114, Fig. 3. 



Dr. R. Ruedemann is the second author to describe Palaeozoic 

 fossils as belonging to the genus Pollicipes, and in a valuable memoir 

 on the " Hudson Eiver Beds near Albanv and their taxonomic 

 equivalents", Bull. N.Y. State Museum, No. 42, April, 1901, he 

 describes and figures (p. 578, pi. ii, figs. 16-24) 2 a number of 

 peculiarly shaped plates found in the Upper and Lower Utica Shale 

 of Green" Island, Mechanicsville, N.T. He considers that these find 

 their homologues in parts of the capitula of Scalpellum and Pollicipes, 

 notably the latter. For this reason he unites them under the name 



1 Now referred to Calantica (Scillcelepas) , Withers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 

 August, 1914, p. 196. 



2 See also E. Euedemann. Bull. N.Y. State Mus., No. 162, p. 122, 1912. 



