Edward Merrick — The River Tyne Drainage Area. 299 



would be supposing some or all of it to have taken place after the 

 formation of this junction- plane. (Fig. 3.) 



Effects of the anticline on the east of the Pennine Fault : — 



1. Near the fault there would be a system of nearly parallel 

 contours on each side of the axis ; owing to the general easterly slope 

 of the country these contours would meet by wrapping round. Cross 

 Fell as a centre, giving it the appearance of a half dome. 



2. A somewhat radiating system of streams and watersheds with 

 an easterly trend would originate from this half dome and the long- 

 axis of the anticline. 



3. The synclines on each side of the long axis would be the lowest 

 ground in the neighbourhood, and water would therefore drain into 

 them and newer deposits would be liable to form in these areas. 



4. The Stublick Dyke would now lie in the northern syncline. 



FlG. 3. — Diagram of contour-lines and river courses on both sides of a fault 

 cutting a peneplain buckled into an anticline [i.e. the Pennine Fault and 

 the Cross Fell Anticline]. 



Effects of the anticline west of the Fault : — 



5. If the long axis of the Cross Fell anticline still dipped to the 

 east, i.e. rose to the west, the contours of this junction-plane would 

 partially encircle the mountains of the Lake District; those contours 

 near the escarpment foot would, however, be straighter than those on 

 the top. 



6. There would be a tendency for a river or a watershed to form 

 above the long axis of the anticline (at right angles to the Pennine 

 Fault), depending upon whether the slope of the long axis was steeper 

 or not than the slope of the limbs of the anticline. 



Effects of the Pennine Fault : — 



7. The land surface being lowered on the west would produce 

 a repetition of the contour-lines occurring on the east of the fault. 



8. The throw of the fault would be measured by the displacement 

 of the contours. (Fig. 4.) 



9. A north and south watershed would be produced along the top 

 of the escarpment face. 



10. A fairly straight stream flowing generally parallel with the 

 fault would form at the foot of the escarpment. 



11. This stream would be fed by streams from the fault escarpment 

 and collect tributaries from the west and south-west. 



