300 Edward Merrick — The River Tyne Drainage Area. 



12. The area near the fault would be liable to be covered by 

 younger deposits. 



Taking each of the above considerations in turn and examining the 

 surface and geological features of the area, it is found that — 



1. The contour-lines of the restored surface run in an elliptical 

 shape round Cross Fell as a centre. 



2. The South Tyne, Wear, and Tees radiate from Cross Fell, while 

 the long axis of the anticline acts as the watershed between the Tyne 

 and tributaries to the Wear atid Tees. 



O d 



S ° 



o o 



a 



o 

 o 



ro 



O 



o 

 o 



O 

 O 



o 



FlG. 4. — Land levels repeated by faulting parallel with the contours [i.e. 

 Pennine Fault and escarpment face]. 



3. The main valley of the Tyne lies in the northern syncline, and 

 that of the Tees in the southern, in which Triassic rocks are present. 



4. The Stublick Dyke is in this position. 



5. The contour-lines do run in this general direction near the 

 mountains, but they are covered over near the Pennine Fault. 



6. The River Eamont, which flows through Lake Ullswater and 

 onwards till it joins the River Eden near Culgaith, occupies the 

 position of this inferred anticlinal axis. 



7. The contours are repeated, but those near the Fault are out 

 of reach. 



8. Regarding the Fault in this light, and subtracting the thickness 

 of the Mesozoic rocks from the present-day land levels, then sub- 

 tracting this level from the height of Cross Fell, an approximate 

 value for the throw of the Pennine Fault during post-Palaeozoic times 

 is obtained. 



9. There is a watershed in this direction. 



10. The River Eden occupies this position. 



11. Tributaries are received from these directions. 



12. The Trias is present in this area. (Fig. 5.) 



The general direction and slope of the southern watershed are from 

 Cross Fell (2,930 feet), to Cleadon (277 feet), which is 48 miles away. 



If this watershed- were a peneplain, then, by drawing a sloping 

 line between these two heights, the levels that the hills in between 

 should reach can be marked off along it. When this is done it is 

 found that the actual heights of the hills are below their calculated 

 ones, and that on leaving Cross Fell the difference increases, then 



