302 Edward Merrick — The River Tyne Drainage Area. 



this would also have caused the meandering streams on the flat area 

 to turn either to the south or north, so as to pass round it to the 

 sea. (Fig. 7.) 



Fig. 7. — Decided sagging of a peneplain causing a coastal dome or range of 

 hills [compare with the Tees drainage area]. 



Are the changes in direction of the Rivers Tees and Swale produced 

 by such bending, and did the Cleveland Hills originate this way ? 



C. The "Watersheds North of the Main Valley. 

 The watersheds on this side of the River Tyne may be considered 

 as forming four districts — 



1. That from the coast to near Corbridge has a watershed nearly 

 parallel with the Tyne and is an example of the drainage of a gently 

 sloping plane. 



This district gives no important tributaries to the river. The 

 largest one is the Ouseburn, whose chief collecting-ground is to the 

 north of the Ninety Fathom Dyke, which drains this area towards 

 itself, the Ouseburn cutting across the line of fault in the region of 

 its greatest amount of throw. 



2. The alteration in direction of the watershed from Corbridge 

 towards Bellingham has already been described in the section on the 

 Main "Valley of the Tyne. 



3. The Rivers North Tyne and Reed form another district con- 

 sisting chiefly of a main watershed on the Cheviots, running from 

 Blackhall Hill to Caplestone Fell, from which a parallel system of 

 streams and watersheds runs at right angles. A confluence of the 

 streams takes place before the united river crosses the outcrop of the 

 Great "Whin Sill. This great mass of whin causes escarpment lakes 

 on the north of the Tyne through cropping out along a plane which is 

 not very much eroded, but south of the Tyne it causes waterfalls 

 through cropping out by deep erosion of overlying rocks. The 

 exposure on the Cross Fell escarpment is also notched by waterfalls. 



4. The remaining district is that connecting the watersheds on the 

 west of the North and South Tyne Rivers. 



Hitherto the influences of the Pennine and Tindale (Stublick) 

 Faults upon the junction-plane have been taken as guides to the 



