354 Edward Merrick — The River Tyne Drainage Area. 



2. The Cross Fell Anticline was supposed to be later, or partly 

 later, than the formation of the junction plane, else it could not have 

 affected the contours as indicated on the north, east, and south. 



3. The Pennine Fault was supposed to be later than the formation 

 of the junction plane, else it could not have affected the contours as 

 indicated on the east and west. 



4. The throw of the Pennine Fault since the formation of this plane 

 was supposed to be measured by the throw of the contour-lines upon 

 its surface. 



5. Any earlier faulting will alter the amount of throw of the 

 geological deposits. 



6. The conjecture was also made that the movements in this area 

 might follow pre-existing lines of weakness and motion. 



N.N.W. 



S.S.E. 



96. 



>CARBONIFEROUS 



OLDER PAL/EOZOIC 

 ROCKS 



Fig. 9. Simplified north to south section along the Cross Fell escarpment. 



,, 9a. Condition late in the Carboniferous period. 



, , 96. The peneplain buckled, altering land-levels and levels of rock outcrop. 



,, 9c. Erosion since the buckling. 



These hypotheses, if correct, necessitate the existence of — 



1. Pre-Mesozoic tilting or folding and planing, producing a plain 

 of marine denudation, peneplain, or surface of planation. This rock 

 surface, when covered by later deposits, would become a junction 

 plane or even a plane of unconformity. 



2. Mesozoic or later folding and faulting producing an undulating 

 junction plane. 



3. Contemporary erosion which on continuation during later periods 

 has produced the present-day hills and valleys (Fig. 9). 



