Dr. Nils Olof Hoist — The Ice Age in England. 439 



beach' at Sangatte and the superjacent layer which belongs to the 

 glacial depression ; this surface would imply at any rate a short 

 break in the sinking of the land. 1 



A further interesting observation has been made by A. Bigot at 

 Saint Aubin in Calvados. 2 At a height of 2 metres above high- water 

 level he has found a beach deposit which contains among other 

 marine molluscs Buccinum groenlandicum and Trophon antiquum, that 

 is to say, still more northerly species than those known from the south 

 coast of England. Since this beach deposit is covered by the loam, 

 beneath which in other localities Mousterian implements have been 

 found, it indubitably belongs to the deposits of the glacial depression, 

 and shows that the North Sea water which streamed in through the 

 newly opened Straits of Dover straight against the French coast, just 

 before the deposition of the ' late-glacial ' loam, was very cold, and 

 considerably colder than it was when the marine fauna of a slightly 

 earlier period came to the south coast of England near Goodwood Park. 



The deposits from the two stages of depression, the pre-glacial 

 ' raised beach ' stage and the glacial stage, claim further attention. 

 Both have been exhaustively described by J. Prestwich. 3 On the 

 Gower Peninsula in South "Wales the ' raised beach ' is stated to reach 

 a height of 25 feet above O.D., 4 at Brighton 24 feet, 6 at Sangatte 

 10-12 feet, 6 and at Menchecourt near Abbeville, where the ground lies 

 about 15 metres above the sea, the corresponding marine beds, resting 

 on deposits with Chellean implements, rise to 24 feet above O.D. 7 



Yarious observations on the ' raised beach ' render it possible to 

 determine the age of its formation with fair accuracy. The fact, 

 made known by R. H. Tiddeman, that the ' raised beach ' on the 

 south coast of Wales is covered by moraine proves it to be distinctly 

 pre-glacial. In two caverns, Bacon Hole and Mitchin Hole on the 

 Gower Peninsula, are found various mammalian remains, and among 

 them Elephas antiquus and Rhinoceros leptorhinus, both in the marine 

 sand of the ' raised beach ' and immediately above it. 4 These fossils 

 indicate an age corresponding to that of Grays or Ilford, but 

 distinctly older than that of Erith-Crayford. Acheulean finds in the 

 middle of the ' raised beach ' at Brighton show that the beach cannot 

 be older than Acheulean, 5 but that stage was not of particularly long 



1 E. A. C. Godwin- Austen, 1866. "On the Kainozoic Formations of 

 Belgium " : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 22, pp. 228-54, see p. 253. 



2 A. Bigot, 1897. " Sur les depots pleistocenes et actuels du littoral de la 

 basse Normandie " : C.B. Acad. sci. Paris, tome 125, pp. 380-2. 



3 J. Prestwich, 1892. "The Kaised Beach and ' Head ' or Bubble-Drift of 

 the South of England, etc." : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol.48, pp. 263-343. 



4 A. Strahan et alii, 1907. Mem. Geol. Surv. England and Wales, Expl. 

 Sheet 247, Swansea, see p. 118. 



5 Beginald A. Smith, 1915. "Prehistoric Problems in Geology": Proc. 

 Geol. Assoc, vol. 26, pp. 1-20, see p. 3. 



6 J. Prestwich, 1851. "On the Drift at Sangatte Cliff near Calais" : Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. 7, pp. 274-8, see p. 278. 



7 J. Prestwich, 1894. "On the Evidences of a Submergence of Western 

 Europe, etc. " : Phil. Trans., vol. 184, pp. 903-84, see p. 910. 



The Chellean finds from the low-water beach at Havre belong, on the other 

 hand, to an earlier period, namely, that of the elevation of the land. See Bull. 

 Soc. amis sci. nat. Bouen, vol. 34, pp. 129-32, 1898. 



