Br. Nils Olof Hoist — The Ice Age in England. 509 



Beuno cave there has been found a Solutrian implement, and in Cae 

 Gwyn cave a beautiful Aurignacian end scraper, 1 finds which clearly 

 show that in this part of North Wales the inland ice had melted 

 away at about the same time as in the northern district of 

 Derbyshire. 



In common with other finds, those just quoted from Derbyshire and 

 North Wales show that it is far from correct to draw the limit for the 

 appearance of palaeolithic man "between the Wash and the Bristol 

 Channel", as is so often done. The numerous finds of Chellean age 

 show that during this stage man was far from rare in England. For 

 him to have stayed to the south of such a limit would therefore have 

 been inexplicable. It is true that the northern finds are less 

 frequent, but this may be explained by the absence of Chalk flints 

 from the district in question, but certainly also by the thicker moraine 

 covering, which there conceals to a greater degree everything that is 

 pre-glacial, to which may be added that implements of quartzite and 

 such rocks are less easily detected than flint implements. 



With regard to post-Chellean time, the possibility is not excluded, 

 that the Ice Age may have driven some part of England's palaeolithic 

 population back to the Continent, while the land bridge still existed. 

 One is inclined to this supposition by the comparative paucity of 

 noteworthy Mousterian localities. As such are mentioned only: 

 Stoke Newington, Crayford, Northfleet, Doverconrt near Harwich, 

 High Lodge near Mildenhall, and Peterborough. The more scattered 

 Mousterian finds in the South of England, on the other hand, are 

 less rare. 



After this little archaeological digression we return to one of the 

 St. Asaph caves. H. Hicks has published a section of the Cae Gwyn 

 cave, which shows that two inconsiderable moraine beds, separated 

 by a layer of sand and lying on another layer of sand, overlie the 

 intermediate cave-earth, in which has been found a flint flake and in 

 which the previously mentioned end scraper was found. 3 He showed 

 his section to various experienced geologists, who accepted it, and in 

 the discussion after Hicks' paper Strahan said that he "believed that 

 the drifts at the mouth of the cave were part of the northern drift, 

 which lie had mapped over a large part of Denbighshire, Flintshire, 

 and Cheshire, and that the bone-earth lay beneath them ". If, then, 

 the section is quite correct, we must here at St. Asaph have a new 

 extension of the inland ice, that is to say, we are here already within 

 the zone of oscillation between the two melting districts of the 

 inland ice. The correctness of such a conclusion is confirmed by the 

 correspondence between this section with "little moraine and most 

 sand", and sections from the North German zone of oscillation. It is 

 also noteworthy that, while the locality Kuhgrund in the last- 

 mentioned zone lies about on the latitude of 53° 20'-25 / , St. Asaph 

 lies in latitude about 53° 15'. 



1 H. Hicks, 1886. " Eesults of Recent Researches in some Bone-caves in 

 North Wales (Ffynnon Beuno and Cae Gwyn)" : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, 

 vol. 42, pp. 3-17, see pp. 9, 11, figs. 5, 9. 



2 H. Hicks, 1888. "On the Cae Gwyn Cave, etc." : Quart. Journ. Geol. 

 Soc, vol. 44, pp. 561-77, see p. 563, fig. 1. 



