Obituary — Charles Callaway. 527 



conversion of sediments into gneisses and schists, was interpreted as 

 a pavement of rocks made up of faulted masses with no gradations 

 between them. 



The evidence, acquired in Ireland, that an apparent stratification 

 might be produced in plutonic igneous rocks by regional pressure was 

 subsequently seen to throw light upon the schistose and gneissic 

 masses of Anglesey and Malvern. The gneisses and schists of the 

 Malvern Hills were shown to have acquired their structures under 

 pressure and shearing acting upon a complex of diorites, granites, and 

 felsites. In the area east of the Herefordshire Beacon a second 

 Archaean mass was discovered, which was referred to the Oriconian 

 system. In most of these researches Dr. Callaway received great 

 assistance from the skill and experience of Professor Bonney, who 

 supplied descriptions of large numbers of microscopic sections of rocks. 



Dr. Callaway graduated at the London University, B.A. (1862), 

 being third in honours in Logic and Moral Philosophy ; M.A. (1863), 

 in Economical and Mental Science; B.Sc. (1872), 1st in Honours 

 in Geology and Palaeontology ; D.Sc. (1878), in Geology, etc. In 

 1885 he received the balance of the proceeds of the Wollaston 

 Donation Fund from the Council of the Geological Society, and in 

 1903 the Murchison Medal. He was made an Honorary and 

 Corresponding Member of the Birmingham Natural History and 

 Philosophical Society, the Liverpool Geological Society, Woolhope 

 Naturalists' Field Club, and Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club, being 

 President of the last-named club from 1902-4. 



Dr. Callaway retired from regular professional work and settled in 

 Cheltenham in 1898. Advancing age rendering the activities of 

 geological research no longer practicable, he reverted to the studies of 

 his early life, and in 1906 he founded the Cheltenham Ethical Society, 

 of which he became the first President. The following are a selection 

 from Dr. Callaway's published papers : — 



1874. " On the Occurrence of a Tremadoc Area near the Wrekin " : Quart. 

 Journ. Geol. Soc, Proc, March 11. 



1877. " On a New Area of Upper Cambrian Eocks in South Shropshire, with 



a description of a New Fauna" : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. (Nov.), 

 pp. 652-72. 

 " The Migration of Species " : Geol. Mag. (Oct.), pp. 445-7. 



1878. " On the Quartzites of Shropshire " : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. (Aug.), 



pp. 754-63. 

 " The Lower Helderberg Group of New York " : Geol. Mag. (June), 

 pp. 271-7. 



1879. " The Precambrian Eocks of Shropshire," Part I : Quart. Journ. Geol. 



Soc. (Nov.), pp. 643-69. 

 " On Plagioclinal Mountains " : Geol. Mag. (May), pp. 216-21. 



1880. "On a Second Precambrian Area in the Malvern Hills": Quart. 



Journ. Geol. Soc. (Nov.), pp. 536-9. 

 "New points in the Precambrian Geology of Anglesey " : Geol. Mag. 

 (March), pp. 117-27. 



1881. "The Archaean Geology of Anglesey": Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 



(May), pp. 210-38. 

 " The Metamorphic and Associated Eocks South of Wexford " : Geol. 



Mag. (Nov.), pp. 494-8. 

 " The Limestone of Darneo and Assynt " : Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 



(May), pp. 239-44. 



