Reports and Proceedings. 43 



public buildings. All information connected with tbe Newer 

 Pliocene and Quartenary deposits is deserving of careful considera- 

 tion, and we are glad to find the members of the Glasgow Geologi- 

 cal Society are alive to the importance of harvesting these local 

 way-side observations so often passed by unnoticed. Mr. Bennie's 

 paper is full of facts and suggestions " on the Geological Revelations 

 of the old estuary of the Clyde " (as he also styles his paper). 



Mr. John Burns read a paper on the Encroachments of the Sea 

 on the coasts of Great Britain from the Shetland and Orkney Islands 

 on the north to the Scilly Islands on the south. 



NoEwiCH Geological Society. — At the monthly meeting of this 

 Society, held on the 5th ult., the discussion upon the formation of 

 flints in Chalk was revived, and several specimens were laid upon 

 the table to illustrate the subject. Mr. Sutton read a paper " On an 

 Analysis of the Hunstanton Eed Chalk, and the Sandstone near the 

 Tuckswood Lane, on the Ipswich Road." Mr. Sutton could not 

 account for the colouring of the Eed Chalk, nor how the iron rested 

 in the Chalk or Car-stone, which was supposed by some to produce 

 that colour. The Red Chalk was composed of 80 1-10 per cent, of 

 carbonate of lime, with slight traces of sulphate of lime ; 8-| per 

 cent, of peroxide of iron, traces of magnesia, 9 4-10 per cent, of 

 silica, 1\ per cent, of alumina, and 8^ per cent, of organic matter. 

 The Wliite Chalk, or Chalk-marl, immediately above contained 

 96 2-lOths of carbonate of lime, 1 1-lOth of peroxide of iron, 2 per 

 cent, of silica, 6-lOths per cent, of alumina, and 9-lOOths of organic 

 matter. The silica was really 2-01, making it up 100. The sand- 

 stone on the Ipswich Road was peculiar, because it was the only 

 knovra. stone in Norfolk of that character. It was indui'ated, and 

 could be used as building stone, and existed at the spot named in 

 considerable masses. The cement in this case seemed to be simply 

 carbonate of lime. Of carbonate of lime there was 3^ per cent. ; 

 of peroxide of iron, 13-100 per cent. ; alumina and organic matter, 

 29-100 ; pure sand, 68 38-100 per cent. The President (the Rev. J. 

 Gunn) remarked that the colour of the Red Chalk was owing to the 

 peroxide of iron, and in this opinion Mr. Sulton concurred. Mr. 

 Sutton added that the quantity of silica was very large in comparison 

 with White Chalk, and that it existed in a fine condition, and not as 

 sand. In the sandstone it existed as coarse grams and sand, like 

 sea sand which had been somewhat rounded. 



The Ipswich Road sand was made into stone by the carbonate 

 of lime. The Car-stone contained iron-ore, but it could only be 

 obtained in such small quantities, that it would never yield a ton 

 a week if worked. At least 50 per cent, of the crystalline bands of 

 the Car-stone consisted of peroxide of iron, and in quality it was 

 really like hematite, one of the richest iron ores that could be 

 smelted. Mr. Gimn then referred to the Porest-beds at Holme 

 Scarf and Bacton, remarking that they were not both of the same 

 age, but that the former was much more modem than the latter. 



