Reports and Proceedings. 135 



Mr. E. Whttb Skipsey read a paper on " The Fossil Shells of the 

 Upper Coal Measures," which he illustrated by numerous specimens 

 collected by himself from the Clyde Pits and other localities ; from 

 Parlvhead and Shettleston eastward for about five miles to Bar- 

 geddie, and bounded respectively on the north and south by the 

 .Monkland Canal and the Clyde. Of these shells there are three 

 genera — Antliracosia, Anthracoptera, and Anthracomya ; of the first of 

 which he had collected in the above district six species, of the second 

 three, and of the third one, and their range, he said, is from the ell, 

 down to the roof of the splint-coal, under which horizon they had 

 not been met with as yet. Mr. Skipsey, after contrasting the shells 

 from the Upper Coal Measures with Myalina Verneuilli from the 

 Lower Carboniferous beds, referred to his own recent discovery of 

 Lower Carboniferous forms at Drumpark, above all the seams of the 

 Upper Coals, and said that he could not believe these belonged to a 

 mere isolated fossiliferous bed, cut off by a gap of several hundred 

 fathoms from any others containing homogeneous forms; but, on the 

 contrary, when the excavations permitted further research, there 

 would be found proofs of a succession of fossiliferous strata contain- 

 ing ocean tyj^es, and in searching the immediate neighbourhood he 

 had ah'eady found both Anthracosia and AntJiracoptera, and fally 

 calculated in j^et finding them at Drumpark, in close proximity 

 with acknowledged Lower Carboniferous forms. 



Eev. H. W. Ckosskey read a paper on " The Eelationship between 

 the Fossils of the Glacial Beds of Canada and those of the Clyde," 

 which he illustrated by a fine set of fossils from the former beds, 

 presented to him hj Principal Dawson, of Montreal, who, among 

 his other great services to geological science, had very carefully in- 

 vestigated these beds. From his researches, and a comparison of 

 the respective fossils, Mr. Crosskey stated that he found the differ- 

 ence between the fossil glacial shells of Canada and those now 

 existing in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to be far less marked than the 

 difference between the glacial shells of the Clyde and those now 

 existing in the Forth. In the glacial beds of Canada only two species 

 are found, which do not occur living in the neighbouring sea,- — 

 viz., Lecla Portlandica and Astarte Laurentiana. The fauna in its 

 general aspect, and in the proportions and characteristics of species, 

 is slightly more Arctic than that of the Gulf, but does not present 

 that broad contrast with which we are familiar in our local clays. 

 The fossil species extinct in our present seas are far more numerous. 

 In conclusion, Mr. Crosskey observed, that every discovery made hj 

 Mr. David Eobertson and himself intensified the Arctic character of 

 the Clyde beds, and it was very evident that the change of climate 

 in Canada had been less complete than in Scotland. 



Mr. John Young read a paper on " The Genus Lingula, and its 

 occurrence in the Carboniferous Beds of Scotland." 



Liverpool Geological Society — February 13th, 1866. — E. A. 

 Eskrigge, Esq., F.G.S., in the Chair. The following papers were 

 read : — 1. " On the Geology of Susses," by Mr. C. Potter. The author 



