190 Miscellaneous. 



conatry are delineated ; those of the mountain district in particular 

 present many interesting subjects of study. Another series of maps, 

 intended for the use of the Eevenue Department; shows every 

 village and every field. — AtJienceum, Feb, 17. 



Petkoleum at Chicago. — The sinking of an Artesian well at 

 Chicago has brought to light the existence of oliferous strata beneath 

 that enterprising city. In the first forty feet the rock is Upper 

 Silurian, and so charged with petroleum that it bums freely, and 

 100 gallons of oil, which accumulated in the shaft, were pumped 

 out. A compact yellowish-white stone, 200 feet thick, but showing 

 no trace of oil, was next penetrated. Then came 200 feet of grey 

 Limestone, with oil in thin seams, succeeded by a bed of shale, 156 

 feet in thickness, saturated with petroleum, and yielding much oil 

 where it rests on the Lower Silurian. Below this occurs a reddish 

 Sandstone, 71 feet thick, also containing oil ; and at a depth of 711 

 feet a stream of water was tapped, of good quality, which delivers 

 through the 3^ inch bore 500,000 gallons a day. — Athenceum, Feb. 17. 



New Coknish Minerals. — At the meeting of the Chemical So- 

 ciety, on the 1st of March, Professor Church gave some further 

 particulars regarding his chemical researches on New and Eare 

 Cornish Minerals. The following is an abstract of his results ; 



Erinite. A minute fragment of this rare arseniate of copper has 

 been found among some undoubtedly Cornish specimens. 



Marmalite. This black variety of blende occurs sparingly in quartz. 

 The analyses pointed to the formula 4 Zn S, Fe S, the expression to 

 which the results obtained by Boussingault with specimens from 

 Marmato have led. 



Woodwardite. A new basic sulphate of aluminum and copper has 

 been lately detected. Prof. Church proposes to name it Woodwardite, 

 in honour of the late Dr. S. P. Woodward. It occurs in crusts of vary- 

 ing thickness, and with a rippled surface. It is subtranslucent, and 

 occurs in the form of minute botryoidal aggregations of a greenish- 

 blue colour. Its density is about 2.38. It dissolves in dilute acids, 

 but is insoluble in water. Dried in vacuo over oil of vitriol, Wood- 

 wardite gave on analysis constant results agreeing with the fonnula 



2 Cu SO4, 5 Cu H2 O2, 4 Al H3 O3 + 4 H2 0. 



The four outstanding atoms of water are driven off at 100° C. 

 This mineral differs most widely from Lettsomite, its nearest ally, by 

 containing twice as much alumina as that species. 



If, instead of using the higher atomic weights as in the formula 

 given above, we make use of the older values and the miaeralogical 

 notation, Woodwardite may be expressed by the formula — 



2 Cu S, 5 Cu H, 2 (AI3 3H), 4 H. 



Mines of Nova Scotia. — The Eeport of the Chief Commissioner 

 of Mines for the province of Nova Scotia, for 1865, contaias some 



