268 Reports and Proceedings. 



3 feet above liigh-water-mark. There liad been a mound of rubbish 

 wliicli bad been cleared away, and the burrows could be seen in the 

 solid rock in great numbers. Mr. David Milne Home in his work 

 " On the Parallel Eoads of Lochaber, with remarks on the change of 

 relative levels of sea and land in Scotland," states that when the 

 place at Joppa was first excavated, a stratum of fire-clay was found 

 extensively perforated by the PJiolas at a height of from 2^ to 3 

 feet above high- water-mark. This was possibly the same stratum 

 which Mr. Hugh Miller had pointed out to the author. Mr. Jamie- 

 son, in a paper published in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological 

 Society (August, 1865), mentions, on the authority of Mr. E. 

 Walker, that, at St. Andrews in Fife, a mass of sandstone above 

 high-water-mark is riddled with PJiolas burrows. Mr. Home also 

 states that the perforations of the Saxicava rugosa had been found at 

 two places near Dunbar, at heights of about 13 and 14 feet re- 

 spectively above high- water-mark. Mr. Smyth then gave a descrip- 

 tion of the six principal caves of Wemyss, in Fife, the floors of 

 which vary from 9 feet to 18 feet above ordiuary high-water-mark. 

 These caves must have been formed by the action of the sea at a 

 time when the land was considerably lower than it is at present. 

 The sides of three of those caves are marked with ancient sculp- 

 turings, and he exhibited to the society several drawings of those 

 sculpturings which Sir James Y. Simpson, Bart, (who had first 

 called attention to them), had kindly lent him for the occasion. 

 Mr. Smyth then gave a few of the evidences to show that an up- 

 heaval of our shores had taken place during the human period. He 

 stated that he had mentioned in his former paper, on the authority 

 of Sir Charles Lyell, Bart., that two pieces of stag's horns, artifi- 

 cially cut, were found at Airthrie, in the neighbourhood of Stirling, 

 near the spot where the skeleton of a whale was disembedded, a mile 

 from the river, and seven miles from the sea. Pointed instruments 

 of deer's-horn were also found at Blair Drummond, near the skeletons 

 of whales ; an iron anchor was discovered in the Carse of Falkirk ; 

 and many other instruments have been discovered in the neighbour- 

 hood of Stirling, and in such positions that there could not be a doubt 

 that since the commencement of the human period, the sea must 

 have covered a large extent of country which is at present dry land. 

 It was known, too, that Inveresk and Cramond were Eoman ports. 

 This would give us at Inveresk a considerable amount of elevation, 

 certainly not less than 25 feet since the period of the Eoman occu- 

 pation. Mr. Smyth then showed from the names of such places 

 as Aberdom", Abernethy, Tnveravon, Invergowrie, Inveresk, Auch- 

 terarder, Auchtermuchty, Inchkeith, Inchcolm, and many other 

 places, all either Gaelic, or derived from the Gaelic, that a Celtic 

 population must have inhabited the Lowlands of Scotland at one 

 time. He objected to the term "Pre-Celtic," which some writers 

 used, as there was not the least vestige of evidence to show that the 

 aborigines of Britain, south of Caithness, were Pre-Celtic, but he con- 

 sidered the term "Pre-historic" to beqiiite correct. He then referred 

 ■io the Inches of the Carse of Gowrie as affording undoubted evidence 



