Miss, Eyton — Ancient Coast-line in North Wales. 291 



At about tlie same level as these caverns, but nearer to tbe town 

 »Df Llandudno, we find several large masses of rock, known as rocking 

 stones, or cromlechs, but which may have been formed by the waves 

 washing away the softer portions of the stone, and leaving only those 

 parts which were hard enough to resist their violence ; in the same 

 manner as that by which Mr. Mackintosh describes the Brimham 

 rocks to have been formed.^ 



A much larger cromlech may be seen in the grounds of the 

 Marquis of Anglesea, at Plas Newyd, on the Menai Straits. 



Note. — During the last few centuries, the ocean seems to have 

 regained some of its lost dominions. At the base of the Great Orme's- 

 head, on the Conway shore, beiag that least exposed to storms, a 

 bed has been formed of angular fragments of Mill-stone Grit and 

 earth. Similar beds are found in several parts of the mountain. 

 This bed, which was probably then of considerable extent, was chosen 

 by the ancient Bisho]3S of Bangor as the site of a palace (Gogarth). 

 It has, however, been gradually undermined and carried away by 

 the waves, until the ruins of Gogarth are now situated upon the edge 

 of a precipitous bank, washed by the sea, and in a short time will be 

 themselves carried away. In like manner, what was the old town of 

 Pensarn, in Denbighshire, is now reduced to a few fragments of stone 

 wall, which are daily overflowed by the tide. 



II. — On Tkaces of Glaciers in the English Lakes. 

 By Eev. T. G. Bonnet, M.A., F.G.S. 



ALTHOUGH the causes of the configuration of the Lake district 

 have been discussed by Mr. Mackintosh in some interesting 

 communications to this Magazine, and the distribution of the granite 

 blocks from Wastdale Crag formed the subject of an able paper read 

 by Professor Phillips to the British Association at Birmmgham, 

 1865, the glaciation of this region seems scarcely to have attracted 

 the attention which it deserves. In the hopes, then, that some one 

 may be induced to do for Cumberland and Westmoreland what 

 Professor Eamsay has done for North Wales, I venture the follow- 

 ing remarks ; although, owing to want of time and other causes, 

 they are far less complete than I could wish them to be. 



To commence with Windermere ; two vaUeys unite near the head 

 of this lake ; the one, that in which lie Grassmere and Eydal 

 Water ; the other, that which is drained by the river Brathay, and 

 is also bifurcated. The extremity of the mass which divides these 

 two valleys is called Loughrigg Fell. The general contour of this 

 hill and most of the others near Ambleside and in the neighbourhood 

 of Eydal Water is very suggestive of glacial action, but I sought 

 for some time without finding any satisfactory proofs. At last, 

 however, I fell in with a most unmistakeable boss of ice-worn rock, 



1 Geological Magazine, 1865, Vol. II. p. 154. 



