546 Fraas — Pre-historic Settlements. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES XX. XXL 



Plate XX. 



Fig. 1. Cone of Pinites macroceplialus, ■with, the apophyses of some scales restored. 

 Slightly reduced. From Mr. Dowker's collection. 



2. Diagram of transverse sectioa of ditto from the Bowerbank specimen. 



3. Base of a cone of P. ovatus. 



4. Transverse section of ditto. 



5. Cone of P. Sussexiensis. 



6. Transverse section of ditto. 



Plate XXI. 



Fig. L Part of an unopened cone oi Pinites DunJceri. 



2. Part of an opened cone of ditto. 



3. Cone of P. ManteUii. 



4. Cone of P. patens. 



5. Longitudinal section of P. macrocephalus, from Eobert Brown's collection. 



6. Eestored scale of ditto. 



7. Scale of P. Sussexiensis. 



8. Longitudinal section of Pinus Pinaster. 



9. Scale of Zamia Yaltsii seen from above. 



10. Ditto seen from the side. 



11. Cone of jSf^Mo»7(?s Woodwardii. 



12. Restored cone of ditto. 



13. Ovules of ditto, with the leaves broken of. Twice the natural size. 



14. A single ovule magnified. 



15 and 16. The two kinds of foliage. 



III. — The Pre-Histokic Settlements of the Reindeee age in 

 Southern Germany. 



[Being the substance or three reports on this subject in the " Staats 

 Anzeiger FiJK "Wukttemberg," September and October, 1866. By Dr. Oscar 

 Fraas, of Stuttgart ] 



Translated by John Edward Lee, F.S.A., F.G.S. 



TWO years ago the French savans, Messrs. Lartet and Cliristy, 

 laid before the Academy of Paris an account of their discoveries 

 in the Dordogne, which proved the existence in that district of very 

 ancient settlements of wild races of men, who kept herds of rein- 

 deer. Since then, up to the present time, no further proofs have come 

 to light, either in France or Germany, of the extraordinary fact that 

 this animal — the existence of which is now limited within the 70th 

 degree of north latitude — ever lived so far south as our own districts. 

 The account we have now to give will probably therefore be read 

 with great interest. 



At the head of the brook Schussen, which runs into the lake of 

 Constance, was formerly a pond forming the springhead : the level 

 of this pond was, at that time, 8ft. Sin. above that of the small 

 neighbouring lake called the Feder See. But when the marshes of 

 Steinhausen were drained some years ago, and ditches were cut for 

 this purpose, the Avater from the spring began to take a different 

 course, and instead of flowing as formerly into the Rhine, now 

 began to run in another direction into the Danube. Mr. Kaes, the 

 proprietor of mills in Schussenried, therefore determined to deepen 

 the spring-head, and the water-course of the Schussen brook, and 



