Dr. Henry Hicks—Folds and Faults in N. Devon Rocks. 5 
beds are again to be seen under the flaggy beds, hence it is clear that 
another important fault separates these beds from those exposed in 
the low ground on the north side, viz., the West Challacombe 
calcareous beds. The succession as traceable in a section in a line 
south from Combe Martin shows that the flaggy and slaty beds 
which underlie the calcareous beds rise up higher and higher in the 
hills until they at last abut against highly cleaved slates of the 
Morte series type, thereby forming a main trough but containing 
several subsidiary folds with the calcareous beds occupying the 
highest stratigraphical position. 
In following the coast-line from Combe Martin towards Water- 
mouth, numerous folds in the flaggy and in the calcareous beds are 
recognizable, and the somewhat complex fold (Fig. 3) is seen in a 
Fig 8. 
Fie. 3.—Folds in limestone Quarry, road-side, about a mile W. of Combe Martin. 
limestone quarry on the roadside, about a mile west of Combe 
Martin. It will be noticed that the larger folds of the limestone 
bands, in themselves fairly acute, have developed, during the 
pressure, numerous minor folds, and that these have, in places, 
yielded so far to the pressure that the limbs of the folds have been 
almost brought together. The movements which have taken place 
have also nearly obliterated all traces of stratification in the asso- 
ciated argillaceous beds by inducing in them a highly cleaved state. 
Had this fold been subjected to still greater pressure, it would have 
assumed the condition frequently witnessed in some of the cliff 
sections, where, owing to the wearing away of the arch of the fold, 
band after band seem to lie in true succession, whilst in reality they 
are but the same band several times repeated in an inverted state. 
At the Watermouth Caves, and on the shores of Watermouth Bay, 
several folds occur in the sandstone and flaggy beds. In the one at 
the Caves the arch has been broken in a line parallel with the 
strike, and this produced the line of weakness which subsequently 
caused the indentation or small harbour which occurs here. Fractures 
here are most frequent across the middle limb which joins the arch 
with the trough fold, but this is a good example of the effect of 
denuding forces acting on a broken arch of rather rough sediments 
affected by strong cleavage. . 
