8 Dr. Henry Hicks—Folds and Faults in N. Devon Rocks. 
exhibit in a marked manner the influence of intense pressure on 
sandstone and argillaceous material. There are those already referred 
to on each side of the Rapparee Cove, in the Lantern Hill and in 
the Capstone Hill, as well as the fold (Fig. 4) between the Capstone 
and Lantern Hills, and another interesting example on the shore 
under the Ilfracombe Hotel, all of which can be reached with ease. 
The glossy appearance of these rocks readily strikes the eye, and on 
examination it will be found to be due to the combined effects of 
shearing and of subsequent infiltrations along the crush lines. At 
Wildersmouth between the Capstone Hill and the Ilfracombe Hotel 
a fault crosses the beds, which, although not of much importance in 
regard to the question of succession, is “yet interesting as showing the 
influences produced by cross faults on the physical features of a 
district, for most of the harbours and valleys in this area have had 
their direction determined by these faults as being the lines which 
offered the least resistance to denuding agencies. 
Fig. 7 is intended to illustrate the penéral succession as traceable 
in the cliffs under the Torrs from near the Ilfracombe Hotel to the 
ridge beyond the last of the Torrs. At the north end of the section 
there is the sharp fold in the sandstone beds broken on the north 
side and much seamed with quartz veins in the line of the thrust 
fault. This is best seen, as already stated, under the Hotel grounds, 
but it is equally well shown at the Point outside the ladies’ bathing 
place, where inverted and jagged-looking beds on the north side of 
the fold form a well-marked ridge. The beds at this horizon are 
freely covered with worm-tracks, and these offer an easy means of 
finding out whether the beds are inverted or not when the arch has 
disappeared. Overlying these beds at the bathing-place are the grit, 
argillaceous and calcareous bands which were described by Dr. 
Sorby as illustrating the development of slaty cleavage, and more 
recently by Mr. Marr,’ to show some effects of pressure on sedimen- 
tary rocks. ‘These beds being composed of softer and more yielding 
materials than the underlying beds, have given way much more 
readily to the pressure, and the result has been to induce a strong 
cleavage in the argillaceous beds which has, as seen in Fig. 8, nearly 
Fie. 8.—Cleavage nearly obliterating bedding in slaty beds, quarry, 
Torr’s Park Road. 
obliterated all evidence of stratification, and which has broken the 
limestone and also some quartz bands into lenticular fragments 
having their long axes parallel with the cleavage planes. 
Beyond this point the calcareous beds rise higher and higher in 
the cliff, and at last form the central group of Torrs. The Torrs 
1 Grou. Mac. 1888, Decade III. Vol. V. p. 218. 
