T. Mellard Reade—The Eskdale Drift. 9 
further south are, in the main, composed of sandstones and flaggy 
beds, but with some of the slaty and calcareous beds also folded in. 
The sandstone beds may be easily examined on the Lee (Cliff) Road 
at the junction of the Upper Torr’s Walk with the Lee Road, and 
also on the coast below the last two Torrs. In the cliff, north of 
Flat Point, the beds are much crushed, and show clearly that there 
is an important fault separating the beds which compose the Torrs 
from the highly cleaved slates of the Morte series, which form the 
high ridge on the south side which intervenes between here and Lee. 
It will be seen that the interpretation here given of the succession 
along the Torrs, and elsewhere in the Ilfracombe district, differs in 
a very marked manner from that generally adopted. Instead of 
interpreting the Torrs as formed of outcrops in a succession of hard 
and soft beds having a regular dip to the south, they are here 
shown to be due to foldings and fractures of the strata, the wider 
Torrs with even slopes on the south side being formed mainly of 
hard and unyielding beds, and the smaller and less regular ones of 
softer argillaceous and calcareous rocks. The realization of these 
facts will necessitate, in future, a great reduction in the thickness 
hitherto given to the Ilfracombe series, and the re-arrangement of 
the fossil zones. These points will be dealt with further in a 
forthcoming paper, which will include also the description of the 
Morte series and its fauna. The Morte slates have been described 
‘as entirely barren of organic remains. My researches have now 
proved that they are everywhere fossiliferous, and that they contain 
a fairly rich fauna. 
I1I.—Hsxpate Drirr anv its BrartnG on GuacitaL GEOLOGY. 
By T. Metiarp Reape, C.E., F.G.S., etc. 
Parr I. 
FFYHE extraordinary abundance and almost universal distribution 
of fragments of Hskdale granite through the Drift of the 
North-West of England and part of North Wales is an impressive 
fact to the student of Glacial Geology. Mackintosh was the first to 
systematically trace this rock through the Drift and to note its 
origin. Since the time of this single-minded and patient investigator 
many other geologists have gone over the same ground and extended 
his observations, and all must bear witness to the accuracy of his 
facts. : 
In this paper I propose to speak only of the facts of Glacial 
Geology which I have personally observed, so that absence of refer- 
ence to the work of others must not be construed into insensibility 
to their merits. Indeed, were I only to name all the meritorious 
workers even in this area of Great Britain the space at my disposal 
would prove all too short. 
Distribution of the Eskdale Granite. 
In almost every section of Drift from St. Bees, in Cumberland, to 
the south of Shropshire, and from Macclesfield across to Wales, and, 
