12 T. Mellard Reade— The Eskdale Drift— 
The material is all more or less angular, and is mainly, even to 
the smallest grains, from the volcanic series. There are some 
quartz grains, but none that I could see were rounded or polished. 
Marine Boulder and other Drift. 
This Drift may be observed in many gravel pits in Eskdale and 
Miterdale and between Eskdale Green and Santon Bridge. A 
specially good example of it may be seen in a large gravel pit 
between Ravenglass and Muncaster Bridge about 270 feet above 
O. D. (No. 1 on Map, Fig. 1, p. 17). 
This Drift is composed to the largest extent of angular, sub- 
angular, and very rounded boulders of Eskdale granite. I noticed 
one very large boulder of grey granite. There were a good many 
very rounded pebbles of St. Bees sandstone, and I noticed one flat 
angular piece measuring eight inches across. ‘Two small flints were 
found here also. Glaciated volcanic boulders and pebbles are next 
in frequency to the granite. A microscopical examination of the 
sand which accompanies this Drift shows that it is partly composed 
of rounded and worn grains of quartz mixed with a larger propor- 
tion of angular and subangular grains and broken erystals of quartz 
evidently derived from the disintegration of the granite. It is on 
the whole a decidedly large grained sand. 
A smaller gravel pit at How Bank between Muncaster Bridge and 
Eskdale Green, on the left bank of the Esk (No. 2), shows a section 
of similar gravels and boulders in this case current-bedded. At 
Harrison’s Farm (No. 3) in Miterdale, at about 250 feet above O. D.,. 
there are laminated sands horizontally bedded, overlaid with current- 
bedded gravels of the same series disclosed in a sand and gravel pit. 
Between Eskdale Green and Santon Bridge several pits in this 
series can be seen, noticeably one at 335 feet above O. D. (No. 4), 
in which is a bed of fine laminated gravel, intercalated in a turbulently 
bedded stony Drift. The stones are mostly granite, well rounded 
and showing a brilliant colouring. There are volcanics intermixed, 
one of which was striated. 
On the right hand side of the road in descending towards Santon 
Bridge an interesting section occurs in a considerable gravel pit 
having a level of about 320 feet above O. D. (No. 5). The base is 
composed of a hard reddish buff Till, upon which is sand and fine 
gravel current-bedded and irregular. Above this is a coarser gravel 
and there are a good many large blocks mostly Volcanics; one I 
measured being 5 feet x 4 feet x 4 feet and well striated. Some 
are of ash and very irregular in shape. Towards the top a few small 
pieces of St. Bees sandstone occurred, together with another sand- 
stone I took to be Carboniferous. Granites similar to Eskdale are 
mixed up with the boulders, and are mostly rounded. 
There is a considerable development of the Drift on the Wasdale 
side of the divide. 
Drift of the Plain from Santon Bridge to Calder Bridge. 
From Santon Bridge to Calder Bridge the country is covered with 
Drift Sand and gravel, which extends westwards to the coast and 
