Its Bearing on Glacial Geology. 13 
is connected with the Drift of St. Bees. Sections of this sand can 
be seen on the Rivers Irt and Calder which have deeply excavated 
into it. It mostly lies upon the Permian Sandstone but overlaps 
the Volcanics inland near Gosforth where good sections may be 
observed on the River Bleng. It is undoubtedly marine. The base 
on which this drift rests may be seen in a quarry of Permian Sand- 
stone above the Bridge over the Bleng at Sourmire (No. 6) about 
400 feet above O. D. It consists of hard foliated red sand contain- 
ing a little clay with angular and subangular pieces of the red sand- 
stone embedded in it, together with pebbles of the Volcanic series. 
On the left bank of the Bleng nearly opposite the quarry just 
described, there is a good section of drift about 25 feet high (No. 7). 
Here, curiously enough, it is a buff clayey hard till, full of Volcanics, 
but Sandstones seem to be absent. It lies on the Volcanic series of 
rocks and there is a large bank of it here. Between Hall Boltom 
and the bridge carrying the Gosforth road over the Bleng, is a 
deposit of sand like that on the Itt. 
Calder Abbey stands upon a terrace cut out of the Drift which, 
though looking so recent, is evidently a very old feature estimated 
by years. It cannot have changed appreciably since the building 
of the Abbey in 1180, the escarpment bounding the platform on 
which it stands being quite sharp and unmodified. 
Beyond Calder Bridge in the direction of Whitehaven the old 
river scarp comes up to the road (No. 8). This bank is made up of 
loamy red sand full of large boulders and pebbles of St. Bees 
Sandstone exceedingly well rounded, together with rounded Volcanic 
pebbles. Some of these Sandstone-boulders are a little indented 
and scratched. I observed here a good sized boulder of Buttermere 
Granophyre. This Drift is all marine. 
Coast Sections. 
- From Braystones to St. Bees are very good sections of this sand 
and gravel Drift which I have described in part in my paper “On 
the Drift Beds of the North West of England and North Wales.” ! 
South of Nethertown Station there is a good section of sands and 
gravels. At the south end of the section are blocks of St. Bees 
sandstone up to five feet across, embedded in the Drift. Near here 
my son Aleyn found an indented boulder of fine soft Yellow sand- 
stone, probably Carboniferous, also partly covered over with a deposit 
of carbonate of lime cementing the gravel thereto. Coal flakes in 
laminze occur in the sands, and also shell gravels. The sand grains 
are large and well rounded. At the north end is the Faulted Drift 
described in the Gronogican Macazine for November, p. 490. 
Among the Drift stones are a good many rounded pebbles and 
some boulders of Eskdale granite, and these are found all along 
as far as St. Bees. The sections of Drift at St. Bees before referred 
to as described by me in 1883 (but seen in 1872) are not now so 
clear, being covered by a good deal of talus-wash, but sufficient is 
seen to show that the beds now exposed differ considerably from 
1Q.J.G.J. vol. xxxix. (1883), pp. 108-111. 
