Geological Society of London. 85 
Bones and teeth are so numerous that it might almost be called a 
bone-bed. It does not exceed three inches in thickness. It contains 
ichthyodorulites of Cestraciont fishes, abundant palatal teeth of 
Acrodus keuperinus, ganoid fish-scales, and abundant broken bones, 
some of which may belong to fishes, others to labyrinthodonts, and 
amongst the latter a fragment of a cranial bone. 
3. ‘ Calamostachys Binneyana, Schimp.” By Thomas Hick, Esq., 
B.A., B.Sc. Communicated by J. W. Davis, Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S. 
A number of preparations lately placed in the hands of the 
Author by Mr. W. Cash, of Halifax, give much additional inform- 
ation on many important points of detail connected with the structure 
and characters of the sporiferous spike known as Calamostachys 
Binneyana, and also throw considerable light on the question of 
its affinities. The Author fully describes the structure of the fossil, 
and discusses its systematic position. His description shows the 
close resemblance between the structure of this spike and that of 
FAquisetum ; and it is noted that Carruthers, in 1867, did not hesitate 
to describe Calamostachys Binneyanu as the fruit of Calamites, and 
that Binney, when making it the fruit of Calamodendron commune, 
was in practical agreement with Carruthers. Williamson, however, 
realizing the difficulty of reconciling the supposed vascular central 
part of the axis of the spike with a Calamitean affinity, suggested 
that the relationship lies rather with the Lycopodiacee. Now the 
establishment in the present paper of the existence of parenchymatous 
pith in the axis of the spike removes the chief ground for Williamson’s 
suggestion; and the demonstration of the existence of primary 
vascular bundles with carinal canals affords positive proof of the 
closeness of its relationship with the Calamite. The Author gives 
reasons for concluding that there is much probability that the fossil 
described in the paper is a spike of a Calamites of the type of 
Arthropitys. 
4. “Notes on some Pennsylvanian Calamites.” By W.S. Gresley, 
Esq., F.G.S. 
The Author believes that a group of specimens from the Pottsville 
conglomerate series demonstrates that the so-called Calamite-casts 
in sandstone are not always to be regarded as casts of pith-cavity 
only, but are often casts of the vascular cylinder as well; also that 
these specimens show that some Calamites, at all events, possessed 
furrowed exteriors or barks. A specimen from the Pittston bed of 
anthracite in the Wyoming basin also seems to suggest that the true 
bark had not always a smooth exterior. 
A specimen from the same geological horizon as the last specimen, 
and from a neighbouring locality, indicates a Calamite of gigantic 
proportions. Another specimen, from the Pittsburgh bed, is remark- 
able as showing two branch-scars not on, but below the nodes of 
the Calamite. 
d. “Scandinavian Boulders at Cromer.” By Herr. Victor 
Madsen, of the Danish Geological Survey. Communicated by 
J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S., For.Sec.G.S. 
During a visit to Cromer in 1891 the Author devoted much 
