Reviews—-Hail and Olarke— Paleozoic Brachiopoda. 131 
and sub-genus, comparing it with allied genera and referring to it 
the more important species both of America and Kurope. At the 
same time a good bibliography is given of each genus, and every 
attempt made to ensure that it shall receive the name by which its 
first author intended that it should be known. So far as the work 
is at present carried, it deals with the genera usually classed as 
Inarticulata or Tretenterata, and with those genera of the Articnlata 
that may naturally be grouped around Orthis, Leptena, Chonetes, and 
Productus. The second part, which we are glad to learn is already 
far advanced, will deal with the spire-bearing and terebratuloid 
forms. No attempt is made to group the genera in families, for the 
authors consider that such a classification would be “ arbitrary and 
procrustean, and would only be embarrassing to the student without 
any corresponding benefit.” The relationships of the genera are, 
however, treated of in separate chapters. 
The casual reader of this work will note, perhaps with dismay, 
a very large number of new generic names. The authors, indeed, 
confess that they have used ‘“‘as many terms of this value as are in 
any way justifiable.” They assure us, however, that the future will 
prove some of these generic groups to be still too broad; and no 
student of the recent progress of systematic zoology can venture to 
contradict them. Such new terms are: Barroisella (type, Lingula 
subspatulata, M. & W.); Tomasina (type, Lingula Criei, Dav.) ; 
Discinopsis (type, Acrotreta? Gulielmi, Matthew) ; Cihlertella (type, 
Discina pleurites, Meek) ; Lindsiroemella (type, L. aspidium, n. sp.) ; 
Remerella (type, Discina grandis, Vanuxem); Plectorthis (type, 
Orthis plicatella, Hall) ; Dinorthis (type, Orthis pectinella, Emmons) ; 
Plesiomys (type, Orthis subquadrata, Hall); Hebertella (type, Orthis 
sinuata, Hall); Heterorthis (type, Orthis Clytie, Hall); Dalmanella 
(type, Orthis testudinaria, Dalman) ; Orthotichia (type, Orthis ? 
Morganiana, Derby); Billingsella (type, Orthis Pepina, Hall); Pro- 
torthis (type, Orthis Billingsi, Hartt) ; Polytechia (type, Hemipronites 
apicalis, Whitf.); Orthidium (type, Orthis gemmicula, Bill.) ; Kay- 
serella (type, Orthis lepida, Schnur); Rafinesquina (type, Leptena 
alternata, Conrad) ; Leptella (type, Leptena sordida, Bill.); Christiania 
(type, Leptena subquadrata, Hall) ; Chonostrophia (type, Chonetes 
reversa, Whitf.); Chonopectus (type, Chonetes Fischert, Norw. and 
Pratt.). After this it is reassuring to find that certain old and well- 
known names have not entirely disappeared, although the sense in 
which they are retained is rather different from that attributed to 
them of recent years. Thus, Orthis proper is here restricted to a 
small group of species of which Orthis callactis is the type; 
Sirophomena is at last applied to the species for which Rafinesque 
originally intended it, viz. Leptena planumbona, Hall, while Leptena 
naturally returns to the well-known species that for the first thirty 
years of its existence was acknowledged as its type, the Conchites 
rhomboidalis of Wilckens or Producta rugosa of Hisinger, a fossil 
that has for many years usurped the title of Strophomena. It will 
be noticed that these changes, and others that might be mentioned, 
such as the restitution of Clitambonites, Pander, to the place from 
