Obituary—Professor J. O. Westwood. 143 
the greater became the power of subterranean erosion. This action 
caused lateral subsidence.” 
I maintain (inter alia) this “principle of geology” may be re- 
sponsible for such widely separated events as the Submerged Peat 
and Forest-beds of the Estuary of the Thames, the swamps of 
America, the Contorted Drifts of Norfolk, and the “thick coals” of 
South Staffordshire. WILLIAM SHONE. 
Upton Park, Cuesrer, Dec. 18, 1892. 
OHS Ta WrAley Nae 
PROFESSOR JOHN O. WESTWOOD, M.A., F.L.S., &c. 
Hon. Prestpent EnromonocicaL Socizty or Lonpon; 
Horr PRorressor oF ZooLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXxFoRD. 
Born 1805. Drtep 2 January, 18938. 
_Aworner venerable Professor has passed away in the opening 
of the New Year. John Obadiah Westwood was the son of the 
late Mr. Westwood, of Sheffield, and was born in that town in 
the year 1805. Having been privately educated at Lichfield, 
he shortly after commenced active life and migrated to London, 
_ where he early displayed an ardent love of Entomology. He was 
one of the original members of the Entomological Society of 
London, founded in 1884, and after being twice President, was 
elected honorary life President. His “ Introduction to the Modern 
Classification of Insects” and the ‘ Entomologist’s Text-Book ” 
appeared in 1888; his “ British Butterflies and their Transforma- 
tions,’ in 1841; “ Arcana Entomologica”’; “ British Moths and 
their Transformations,” &c. in 1845; “Cabinet of Oriental Ento- 
mology,” in 1848; Descriptions of Fossil Insects in the Rev. 
P. B. Brodie’s “ History of the Fossil Insects in the Secondary 
Rocks of England”? (London 1845 with 11 plates), and a valuable 
paper on Purbeck Insects (Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., Vol. ix. 
pp: 878-396, 1854). 
In 1855 the Royal Society presented him with one of the Royal 
Medals in recognition of his valuable contributions to Entomology. 
In 1861 Mr. Westwood was appointed to the professorship of 
Zoology in the University of Oxford, then newly founded by the 
munificence of the late Rev. F. W. Hope. Soon afterwards the 
Professor was made an Honorary Fellow of Magdalen College, 
Oxford. Professor Westwood was joint author with Mr. C. Spence- 
Bate, of a ‘‘ History of the British Sessile-eyed Crustacea” (2 vols., 
1863-1868). He was a Fellow of the Linnean Society for nearly 
70 years, and was an Honorary or Corresponding Member of the 
Entomological and Zoological Societies of Paris, Holland, Belgium, 
Berlin, Stettin, Munich, Vienna, Stockholm, St. Petersburg, 
Moscow, Quebec, Boston (U.S.A.), and many other Societies. His 
separate papers are too numerous to quote here. As a draughtsman 
of Insects he was highly skilled. He continued his lectures at 
Oxford till a very recent date, and his loss is deeply regretted 
in the University. 
