Capt. Marshall Hall—Glacier Observations. vol 
How far are terminal made out of ground moraines ? 
The more adventurous will possibly not object to some unavoid- 
able risk in explorations under the ice! Professor F. A. Forel has 
made many such trips. This leads us to expostulate with those who 
tell us that ancient glaciers were so enormous that for want of 
weight and pressure we cannot expect to find instances of lake- 
making in the puny glaciers of our day. The writer can scarcely 
imagine, having regard to the historical advance and retreat of ice, 
that such action can never be seen, similar in kind though not in 
degree. In fact this appears so palpable that in entire absence of 
existing work things would go hard with theories of former 
exploits. 
We could multiply points of investigation almost ad infinitum. 
Here is plenty to do for many shrewd travellers. Nothing but 
personal experience in the higher mountains, where alone we can 
meet with ice masses, will avail to advance our stock of knowledge, 
and the writer can say that, although he has been a scrambler since 
the year 1848, he never remembers spending even a few days in the 
upper world without observing some phenomenon not previously 
impressed upon him, even if seen by him before. 
Perhaps, after lapse of time, the comparative history of glacier 
movement in different latitudes and hemispheres may throw some 
light upon the question of periodicity, secular and other. Sugges- 
tions and reports, whether of much or little work, will be thankfully 
received either by the Hon. Secretary of the Alpine Club, 8, St. 
Martin’s Place, Trafalgar Square, W.C., or by the writer, addressed 
to him, Easterton Lodge, Parkstone, Dorset. 
Perhaps, as the next Congress of Geologists is to meet in Switzer- 
land next year, some arrangements may then and there be come to, 
by which a chain of connection may for the future exist between 
different countries. Prince Roland Bonaparte undertakes the 
history of French Glaciers, except those of Mont Blanc, which Prof. 
F. A. Forel still takes in hand, as bound up with those of Canton 
Valais. How much we owe to his untiring enthusiasm ! 
Since writing the above, Professor Forel’s capital monograph 
“‘Tie Leman” has reached us. 
Incidentally to the origin of the lake he gives much and valuable 
information as to the habits of glaciers. 
This, only the first of three volumes, requires a notice of good 
length, to which we fain hope the Editor will turn his attention in 
due time. 
“¢ MEMORANDUM. 
“The recent movements of glaciers may be noted by the following 
signs :-— 
“When the ice is advancing the glaciers generally have a more 
convex outline, the icefalls are more broken into towers and spires, 
and piles of fresh rubbish are found shot over the grass of the 
lower moraines. Moraines which have been comparatively recently 
deposited by advancing ice are disturbed, show cracks, and are 
obviously being pushed forward or aside by the glacier. . 
