Chas. Davison—The Quetta Earthquake of 1892. 309 
shorter than the old ones. There must, therefore, have been an 
actual and permanent displacement of the earth’s crust in this 
district, not less, and possibly more, than the above amount. It 
need hardly be said that this is a most unusual occurrence, and one 
of which every additional illustration and proof is of the greatest 
value to geologists. 
When the earthquake was over, a fresh crack was observed in the 
ground, crossing the lines at an acute angle exactly at the spot where 
the crumpling took place. The fissure runs nearly in a straight 
line, parallel to the Khojak Range (i.e. about N.NH. and S.SW.) 
and about three miles to the west of its central line (Figs. 1 and 2). 
It coincides almost exactly with a line of springs, and was clearly 
produced by a fresh slip along an old line of fault. Mr. Egerton 
has traced the fissure for several miles in both directions. ‘It was 
quite curious,” he says, ‘‘to look at it from certain points which 
commanded a long view. The old fault-line was then so very 
obvious that I wonder now how it was never recognized as such 
before; R used to think it was an old road, he told me when 
I showed it to him.” The length of the fault is unknown. Towards 
the north, it runs out of British territory. Towards the south, it 
passes just to the east of the low hills in the south-west corner of 
the map, and it is believed to cross the low neck which joins the 
Khwaja Amran Peak with the Khojak Range. 
It is to be regretted that the actual amount and direction of the 
movement could not be determined, though Mr. Egerton examined 
the fissure at various points with this object in view. We may form 
some idea of its nature, however, from the facts which he has observed. 
A revision of the levels crossing the fissure shows a difference of 
16 of a foot, or nearly two inches, but it is not stated which side 
is now relatively the higher. From the crumpling of the lines and 
closing up of the fish-joints, it is clear that there was a horizontal 
movement parallel to the fissure; either the west side moved south- 
wards or the east side northwards. Also, it will be seen from 
Fig. 2 that the curvature of the line near the fissure was slightly 
less after than before the earthquake. If the movement had been 
entirely parallel to the fault, the curvature would have been un- 
altered, or, if anything, slightly increased. There must, therefore, 
have been motion in a line at right angles to the fault, so that the 
rock-masses approached one another, implying that the fault is a 
reversed one. From Fig. 2, again, it would seem that the direction 
of the railway-line has been changed on the east or Sanzal side of 
the fissure, and not on the west or Chaman side; showing probably 
that the eastern rock-mass was moved against the western, as if the 
Khojak Range were being thrust bodily towards the plain of 
Kandahar." 
' Tt may be interesting to compare with this Prof. Milne’s account of the changes 
wrought by the great Japanese earthquake of 1891. ‘‘The immediate cause of this 
great disturbance,’’ he says, “was apparently the formation of a fault which, 
according to Dr. B. Koto, can be traced on the surface of the earth for a distance of 
between forty or fifty miles. In the Neo Valley, where it runs nearly N. and S., it 
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