Reviews—Sir H. Howorth’s Glacial Nightmare. 365 
What then is the alternative which Sir Henry Howorth offers for 
our acceptance in lieu of the glacial theory which he contemns? 
“It is a widespread flood, which seems to be a necessary postulate, 
if we are to adequately grapple with the extinction of the Pleistocene 
fauna, and an equally necessary postulate if the geological facts are 
to be duly explained.” : 
“The Pleistocene Flood, though far from being universal, was 
certainly one of the most widespread catastrophes which the world 
has seen. It forms a great dividing-line in the superficial deposits 
as was maintained long ago, and as such it is a very useful land- 
mark which ought to appear in our nomenclature, and I do not know 
of any better terms than ante-diluvian and post-diluvian to mark the 
two great divisions of the post-Pliocene-beds. 
«« Ante-diluvian times, so far as we can see, were marked in the 
temperate latitudes of both hemispheres by accumulations of ice in 
the shape of large glaciers on the high lands (then probably much 
higher) of Western Europe, of North America, of Australia, New 
Zealand, and perhaps South Africa. Alongside of these glaciers, 
and in contact with them in all these latitudes, were wide champaign 
and wooded districts in which the Mammoth and the Woolly Rhino- 
ceros were the most prominent animals in North Asia and Hurope, 
the Mammoth and the Mastodon in North America, the Mastodon 
and the great Sloths in South America, the various species of 
gigantic Kangaroos and Wombats in Australia, the great wingless 
birds in New Zealand. They lived and thrived in the near neigh- 
bourhood of the ante-diluvian glaciers, just as the Apteryx now 
thrives in the luxuriant forests near the great glaciers in New Zea- 
land, and just as the Tiger and the Rhododendron thrive close to the 
Himalayan glaciers. 
“Meanwhile, in Northern Asia and Western Europe and in North 
and South America certainly, and probably also in Australia, ante- 
diluvial man lived alongside of and hunted the ante-diluvian animals, 
and if we are to clear up his pedigree we must find the true inter- 
pretation of these ante-diluvian beds. 
“ Presently came a tremendous catastrophe, the cause of which, as 
I have tried to show in the Grozocican Magazine, was the rapid 
and perhaps sudden upheaval of some of the largest mountain-chains 
in the world, accompanied probably by great subsidences of land 
elsewhere. The breaking up of the earth’s crust at this time, of 
which the evidence seems to be overwhelming, necessarily caused 
great waves of translation to traverse wide continental areas, as 
Scott Russell, Hopkins, Whewell, and Murchison argued they would, 
and these waves of translation as necessarily drowned the great 
beasts and their companions, including palzeolithic man, and covered 
them with continuous mantles of loam, clay, gravel, and sand, as we 
find them drowned and covered. They also necessarily took up the 
great blocks which the glaciers had fashioned, and transported them 
to a certain distance and distributed them, and the drifts associated 
with them, as we find them distributed. 
“This Induction, whose details are contained in the following 
