374 Reviews—Kendall’s British Iron-ores. 
sidered, and perhaps by some is still thought, to be the equivalent 
of the Cleveland main bed; but there is now not any doubt what- 
ever that it is in a much lower geological horizon. It occurs in 
the zone of Ammonites semicostatus, which in Cleveland is about 
480 feet below the main seam of ore, although at Frodingham it is 
only about 161 feet below the equivalent of the latter bed, owing 
to the south-easterly attenuation of the rocks as previously mentioned. 
The ore occurs in the form of a bed, with a gentle inclination towards 
the east. Its maximum thickness is only about 25 feet; but owing 
to its slight dip, combined with the level nature of the ground, its 
outcrop occupies a wide stretch of country.” 
The following section was obtained in sinking a shaft to the ore 
between Appleby village and the railway station :— 
ft. in. Zone of 
Limestone (Lincolnshire) ... ... 36 8 
TBS SINAN aon sgn) ont boo) son, 
Upper Liss | Sandstone ee Wt saci Mean opa coailali ly Aull [nis. 
Grey Shale) = 3s. 25 10 Ammonites commu- 
Mippxie Liss ITronstone (Cleveland Main Samm), 7 10 A. spinatus. 
Shale with cement stone nodules ... 67 6 A. capricornus. 
Lower Lias_ ) Ironstone (Pecten bed) we ee «6 4S A. armatus. 
(upper part only). ) Blue Shale 600 89 9 A. raricostatus. 
ITRonsTONE (Frodingham 1 main in. bed) 22 6 A. semicostatus. 
This is followed by a careful and elaborate description of the 
‘Cleveland Ironstone” from which more ore is raised in England 
than from any other formation. 
The main seam of Ironstone is the only one that has been wrought 
extensively, though a lower seam has been worked in one part of 
the district. 
The main seam has been proved to extend over a very large area, 
probably exceeding 350 square miles; but the area over which it can 
be profitably worked at present is much less (p. 218). 
Then follows a description of the Caythorpe Ironstone ; the Iron- 
stone of Holwell, Leicestershire; the Oxfordshire Ironstone; with 
sundry smaller deposits. 
The Northamptonshire Ironstone is next described, with its in- 
teresting series of fossil-remains, made known by the labours of the 
late Mr. Samuel Sharpe, F.G.S., formerly of Dallington Hall, near 
Northampton. From thence the author takes us to Seend, in Wilt- 
shire, etc. ; and lastly to the Iron-ore deposits of Ireland. 
The practical and commercial parts of Iron-ore industry occupy 
parts ili. and iv., but space does not permit us to dwell upon them here. 
We have said sufficient to show that Mr. Kendall is a thoroughly 
practical, painstaking, careful and efficient guide to the student 
(whether young or old) who desires further information on the 
mode of occurrence and places where Iron-ore industries are being 
carried on, and he may be trusted to guide aright. 
Every section is accompanied by a list of all the more important 
authorities who haye written upon the special branch of the subject, 
and the diagrams and tables are clear and carefully executed. 
The book is sure to make its way with practical miners and 
students as a handy book of reference. 
