} 
408 Prof. K. A. von Zittel—On the Mammalia. 
PERISSODACTYLA. TILLODONTIA. Vesperugo. 
Amynodon. Tillotherium. Wyctitheriunt. 
Palaeosyops Anchippodus. 
Limnohyops. CREODONTIA. 
Telmatotherium. RODENTIA. Mesonyx. 
Paramys. Proviverra. 
ARTIODACTYLA. Mysops. Protopsalis. 
Achznodon. Tillomys. Miacis. 
Homacodon. Toxymys. Didymicizs. 
? Oromeryx. Colonymys. 
LIthygrammodon. PROSIMIA. 
? Stibarus. Taos ae Hyopsodus. 
? Passalacodon. Tomitherium. 
Ser ? Anisacodon. es 
ied ag ? Entomacodon. INN BAN 
Dinoceras. ? Euryacodon Limnotherium. 
Loxolophodon. i Microsyops. 
( Zinoceras.) CHIROPTERA. ? Zhinolestes. 
WV yctilestes. ? Zelmatolestes, etc. 
In the Middle Eocene also appear the first marine Mammals, for 
instance, Zeuglodon in North America and Europe, Halitheriwm in 
Europe and North Africa, and Prorastomus in the West Indies. 
The characteristic features of the Middle Eocene fauna are the 
great development of the Perissodactyla and the Prosimiz, and the 
sudden appearance of the mighty Dinoceratide, at present limited 
to North America. The Artiodactyla, Rodents and Insectivora 
continue to increase, the Creodontia and Tillodontia are already on 
the decline, whilst the Chiroptera are known for the first time. 
Ill. Urrrer Eocene. 
In the first rank of the Upper Eocene may be reckoned the 
renowned fauna of the Paris gypsum-beds described by Cuvier. 
(By many authors it is also placed as Lower Oligocene.) Con- 
temporaneous with this are the lignite deposits, rich in mammals, of 
Débruge near Apt (Vaucluse); the freshwater marls and chalky- 
beds of Alais and St. Hippolite (Gard), of the neighbourhood of 
Le Puy in Velay, and of Castelnaudary (Languedoc) ; of the Upper 
Rhine Valley (Mihlhausen, Alsace, Breisgau in Baden) and the 
freshwater-beds of Bembridge and Hordwell in the South of 
England. Numerous remains of the same fauna have been inclosed 
in the Bohnerz of the Swiss, Swabian and Franconian Jura 
(Egerkingen, Gosgen, Mauremont, Delsberg, Moutiers, Schaffhausen, 
Fronstetten ; around Ulm, Heidenheim, Pappenheim, and other places), 
and, more especially, in the phosphate-bearing loam which fills the 
Jurassic fissures in the so-called Quercy, between Villefranche and 
Montauban. As already remarked, the Bohnerz and Phosphate-beds 
do not contain one particular fauna: in Switzerland (particularly 
near Egerkingen and Mauremont) there is a mingling of Old Hocene 
species with those from the Middle and Upper Eocene; at Quercy 
there is a small percentage of genuine Oligocene, and even of 
Lower Miocene types, associated with the Upper Hocene forms. 
Although, therefore, the Phosphorites contain an altogether pre- 
ponderant number of Upper Hocene species, and tolerably all the 
Upper Hocene genera occurring elsewhere, and though, in the 
