422 Reviews— Winchell & Schuchert—L. Silurian Brachiopoda. 
Waagen’s sub-orders in part and generic emendations of Hall and 
Clarke. 
Various species of Lingula are described, and it is held that the 
stages of growth indicate that the course of development of that 
genus was from /Paterina-Obolella-Lingula. The allied sub-genus 
Glossina, Phillips, is restricted to the Paleozoic rocks. The author’s 
new family, Lingulasmatide, is again defined. It comprises, at 
present, only two genera; one, Lingulasma, removed from the 
Lingulide, and the other, Lingulops, taken from the Trimerellide. 
They are the only Linguloids in which interior platforms are de- 
veloped recalling the same structures in the Trimerellide which, 
however, Winchell and Schuchert do not regard as their direct 
descendants. They hold the Lingulasmatide to be a branch of 
Lingula, which originated in the Trenton times and terminated in 
the Niagara period. They were derived from Obolella, while 
Monomorella and Trimerella had their origin in Dinobolus. A small 
species of this genus (Dinobolus? parvus, Whitfield) occurs in the 
Galena formation of Wisconsin and Minnesota. It is allied to 
D. Schmidti, King and Davidson, from an Esthonian stratum almost 
equivalent in age with the Trenton Limestone of New York. 
Several neotrematous and protrematous genera are discussed and 
new species and varieties proposed, among them a species of Hallina 
named H. Nicolleti, W. and §., after ‘ Jean Nicollet, Geographer and 
Geologist of the North-West.” It appears, however, that this 
supposed new species is considered by Hall and Clarke to be nothing 
more than Atrypa exigua, of which Zygospira? aquila, Sardeson, is 
also a synonym. All the species of the genus Hallina, W. and S., 
have been subjected to critical analysis on p. 151 of the first fascicle 
of part ii., volume viii., of the Paleontology of New York, issued 
July, 1893." In this instalment of the second volume of their great 
work on Paleozoic Brachiopoda, Hall and Clarke announced the 
genus Hallina (type H. Saffordi, W. and 8.) to be founded on 
incomplete preparations of a well-known shell. Hence these 
authorities are unable to recognise its terebratuloid characters, as it 
presents the main features of a Zygospiroid. For the smooth Atrypa 
exigua=Hallina Nicolleti the term Protozyga is proposed and its 
cyclospiroid affinities are recognised. 
Mr. C. Schuchert has since abandoned the genus Hallina, in a 
communication published in the “ Proceedings of the Biological 
Society of Washington,” dated July 13th, 1893.2 In conjunction 
with Dr. Beecher he announces his conviction that species of 
supposed Silurian primitive impunctate terebratuloids referred to 
Hallina and Macandrevia are spire-bearing forms, of which the 
earliest known genus is Zygospira occuring in the Bird’s Hye lime- 
stone of the Trenton period. The details of the development of its 
1 An introduction to the study of the genera of Paleozoic Brachiopoda. By 
James Hall and John M. Clarke, fascicle i., part ii., vol. viii., text and woodcuts, 
Albany, July, 1893. 
* Development of the Brachial supports in Dielasma and Zygospira. By Charles 
H. Beecher and Charles Schuchert. 
